A Preliminary Description of the Historical Development of Modern Northern Wú Dialects

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研究生：	柯禕藍
論文名稱：	A Preliminary Description of the Historical Development of Modern Northern Wú Dialects 現代呉語太湖片發展的初步分析
指導教授：	張光宇 Chang, Kuang-yu
口試委員:	王本瑛 Wang, Pen-Ying 鄭曉峰 Cheng, Hsiao-feng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	人文社會學院 - 語言學研究所 Institute of Linguistics
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	86
中文關鍵詞：	吳語、歷史語言學、太湖片、蘇州話、上海話、常州話
外文關鍵詞：	Shanghainese, Suzhou dialect, Changzhou dialect
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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The current work provides an outline of the development of modern Tàihú dialects of Wú. Wú is a Sinitic language with between 70 and 90 million speakers, spoken in the Yangtze Delta region of East China. Shànghǎi is the largest city in the Wú speaking area. The language is notable for its retention of the tripartite voicing distinction of Middle Chinese which has been lost in all but a few non-Wú dialects of the Sinitic languages, as well as for its complex tonal system unique among the Sinitic languages.
This paper provides an historical reconstruction of the stages of development from an earlier common form of the Tàihú dialects – referred to here as Old Wú – up to the current modern dialects spoken in and around Shànghǎi, Southern Jiāngsū and in Northern Zhèjiāng. It provides an historical account of phonemic inventories of the dialects surveyed, as well as providing an explanation for competing trends of affrication and de-affrication in the region. A step- by-step account is provided for modern realisations of the traditional Qièyùn categories. The reconstructions – to include stages development – have been formulated through the comparative method by analysing data from a wide range of Wú dialects, both modern and historical. This paper aims to add to the literature on the subject of linguistic diversity among the Wú dialects and to facilitate future research in the region.

Abstract iii
Contents vii
Introduction 1
1 Methodology ................................... 4
2 Sinitic Syllable Structure and an Introduction to the Qièyùn Rhyming System
2.1 InternalOrganisationoftheRimeSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 SyllableStructurewithinTàihúDialects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 CommonTermsUsedinthisPaper ................... 18
3 Early Retroflex Initials and the Significance of Hóngyīn and Xìyīn . . . . . . . 19
4 ClassificationofWú ............................... 21 
4.1 Y. R. Chao’s Legacy: The Tripartite Voicing Distinction . . . . . . . . 22 1.4.2 TheQuestionofHángzhōu........................ 24
Development of Initials in Tàihú Dialects 29
1 LiteraryandColloquialCharacterReadings ................... 30
2 TheChaoInitials ................................. 31
2.1 Competing Trends of Affrication and De-Affrication . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2 GeneralCharacteristicsofChaoInitials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.3 ChaoInitialsandJiāntuányīnMergers ................. 38
3 TheBāng幫 /Fēi非,Duān端&Jiàn見InitialGroups . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 
3.1 VoicingSplitsinBāng,Duān&JiànGroups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.3.2 VariationsintheFēiGroupInitials.................... 41
4 NasalandLateralInitials–Ní,MíngandLái .................. 42
5 Jīng精andZhī知GroupInitials......................... 44
6 Zhuāng莊andZhāng章GroupInitials ..................... 44
6.1 Aspiration and Affricate Onsets in the Zhuāng and Zhāng Groups . . . 45
7 Rì日Initials ................................... 47
8 Jiàn見GroupInitials............................... 47
9 Xiǎo曉GroupInitials .............................. 48
10Yǐng影GroupInitials .............................. 49
Historical Development of Finals & Rime Categories 51
1 The Guǒ果,Jiǎ假andYù遇RimeCategories ................. 53 
1.1 Guǒ果Finals............................... 53
1.2 Jiǎ假Finals ............................... 55 
1.3 TheYù遇RimeCategory ........................ 56
2 TheXiè蟹RimeCategory ............................ 57
3 TheZhǐ止RimeCategory ............................ 59
4 TheXiào效RimeCategory ........................... 60
5 TheLiú流RimeCategory ............................ 61
6 TheXián咸andShān山RimeCategories.................... 63
6.1 OpenShānandXiánFinals........................ 63
6.2 ClosedShānandXiánFinals....................... 65
7 TheGroupofZhēn,Dàng&Jiāng ........................ 67 
7.1 TheZhēn臻RimeCategory....................... 67 
7.2 Dàng宕andJiāng江RimeCategories ................. 68
8 TheShēn深RimeCategory ........................... 71
9 TheGěng梗RimeCategory ........................... 71 
10TheZēng曾RimeCategory ........................... 73 
11TheTōng通RimeCategory ........................... 76
Concluding Remarks 79
1 FutureResearch.................................. 81
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