近年來，利用奈米複合材料來去除氯化有機物是相當受到重視的新穎處理技術。然而，將奈米零價鐵固定於載體上可有效減少零價鐵顆粒的聚集並進一步提升零價鐵的反應性。因此本研究的主要目的為固定奈米零價鐵於一維鈦酸鹽奈米管上，並進一步碳化修飾奈米零價鐵，以提升複合材料在厭氧環境下對三氯乙烯的去除效率。在複合材料C/nZVI/TNTs合成過程中，針對保護劑添加量、載體添加量、熱分解溫度、熟化時間、碳化氣氛及碳化溫度進行最佳化探討。在最佳化參數條件下所合成之C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料，計算穿透式電子顯微鏡圖中零價鐵在鈦酸鹽奈米管上的平均粒徑為13±1 nm，且顆粒有良好的分散性。以最佳化的C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料應用於厭氧環境下去除三氯乙烯，結果顯示，C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料之擬一階速率常數為傳統零價鐵的3倍。主要係因為碳修飾於奈米零價鐵表面可扮演吸附前濃縮且將反應活性位置周圍三氯乙烯濃度提高，以促使反應加速，另外，反應過程中產生的副產物氯乙烯及二氯乙烯等皆會被碳所吸附，降低二次汙染的可能性。當水溶液中存在微量的重金屬元素時除了可藉由奈米零價鐵還原去除外，亦在TCE的催化反應中扮演雙金屬觸媒的功效，提升分解速率。在本研究中以鈷、銅及鎳的添加，皆有助於提升反應速率，C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料的反應速率常數為1.9×10-3 h-1，而添加適量的鈷、銅及鎳金屬，反應速率常數可分別提升至4.5×10-3、3.54×10-2及6.29 h-1。在不同的觸媒添加量情況下，反應速率隨添加劑量增加而增加，在10 g/L到達最大值6±0.45 h-1，而後繼續增加劑量反應速率持平。另外，在不同汙染物初始濃度之研究結果顯示，反應速率隨初始濃度增加而下降，且反應符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood反應動力。此外，不同水溶液pH值之研究發現C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料在酸性情況下分解三氯乙烯的反應速率較鹼性條件下快。而在鎳鐵雙金屬的汙染物重複添加試驗中顯示，C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料可在五次的反應週期仍然維持100%去除率。本研究成功的製備出C/nZVI/TNTs複合材料並應用於三氯乙烯的分解且具有良好的反應性，鈦酸鹽奈米管的高比表面積及中孔結構在重金屬水溶液亦可扮演了共處理的特性，顯示此多功能性複合材料在環境復育技術上極具有發展潛力。

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been widely used for the remediation of contaminated in aquatic environments. However, the intrinsic ferromagnetism of ZVI nanoparticles lead to aggregation and result in the loss of reactivity and mobility. In this study, a facile approach for the synthesis and immobilization of ZVI nanoparticles onto titanate nanotubes (TNTs) has been developed using nonaqueous thermal decomposition method. Several parameters including capping agent concentration, loading amount of TNTs, thermal decomposition temperature, aging time, carbonization/pyrolysis temperature, and carbonization/pyrolysis atmosphere were optimized to obtain C/nZVI/TNTs nanocomposites. Results showed that the nZVI were well-disperse on the surface of TNTs, and the average diameter of the nZVI particles was about 13±1 nm, with Fe core and Fe3O4 shell of 10 and 3 nm, respectively. In addition, the coated carbon on surface of the ZVI nanoparticles not only prevented the aggregation of nZVI but also maintained the reactivity. Moreover, the adsorption of TCE was enhanced when the carbon was coated on C/nZVI/TNTs nanocomposites. Therefore, the synthesized C/nZVI/TNTs can rapidly facilitate the dechlorination reaction by pre-concentrated the TCE in the vicinity of ZVI nanoparticles. The pseudo-first order rate constant (kobs) of TCE dechlorination by C/nZVI/TNTs nanocomposites was 1.9×10-3 h-1, which was 3 times higher than that by conventional ZVI. The degradation of TCE by C/nZVI/TNTs nanocomposites can be significantly enhanced when the second metal ions including Co, Cu , and Ni were introduced. The kobs for TCE dechlorination were 4.5×10-3, 3.54×10-2, and 6.29 h-1 at 4 mM Co(II), 0.7 mM Cu(II), and 4 mM Ni(II), respectively, which was higher than C/nZVI/TNTs nanocomposites alone (1.9×10-3 h-1). The results obtained in this study demonstrate that nZVI with carbon coating were successfully immobilized on to TNTs leads to a potential application in water treatment. The developed technique opens a new avenue to fabricate various multifucntional nanocomposite materials with high specific surface area, high adsorption capacity, and efficient removal ability of TCE in aqueous solutions.

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