過往研究發現，具象字比起抽象字有比較好的回想表現，而這樣的優勢
就被稱作具象字效果。本研究旨在探討在母語者以語意相關字作為字彙處理的
輔助條件下，具象字效果是否有調節之可能。也就是，抽象字處理是否能受益
於語意相關字的語意促發，進而使典型具象字效果變小或甚至消失。我們也從
第二語言(英文)角度切入探究此問題，本研究採用語意促發典範，促發配對包
括了用了同語言以及跨語言的方向。本次研究裡包括一個事件相關腦電位研究
以及字彙判斷作業行為研究。首先，事件相關腦電位研究幫助我們發現情緒可
能會影響具象字與抽象字的處理歷程的可能性，而這樣的可能性也在後續的字
彙判斷作業證實。字彙判斷作業結果顯示，具象字效果的確受語意相關性影
響，但與預期的方向相反。具象字受益於語意相關字的程度比抽象字大。換言
之，具象字效果在語意相關字的協助下反而擴大。然而，當牽扯到非母語的字
彙處理時候，具象字效果似乎較為不一致:我們發現在特定語言促發方向(英文
_中文)，抽象字受益於語意相關字之程度反而比具象字大。綜合研究結果，我
們總結具象字效果在母語字彙處理最為可靠，且語意相關字所提供的處理歷程
上的幫助無助於減少具象字與抽象字之間處理的差異，反而是增大了具象字效
果。本文針對現存雙語詞彙處理模型進行討論，並期望可以啟發未來更多相關
研究

Concrete words have been shown to be recalled faster and more accurately than abstract words, which is referred to as the concreteness effect. This study aims to investigate the modulation of the concreteness effect in native language processing when word processing receives supporting contexts from being primed with a semantically related meaning. This question was also asked from a Chinese (L1) – English (L2) bilingual processing aspect with the use of cross-language and within-language priming paradigms. The present study included an ERP experiment and a lexical decision task. In our ERP experiment, the possible influence of emotional content on word processing was identified, which turned out to be a key factor in our lexical decision task. After removing the emotional content, the RT results from the lexical decision task showed the concreteness effect was modulated by semantic relatedness. It was found that concrete words were processed faster than abstract words regardless of supporting contexts, but it was also observed that the concreteness effect seemed to be enlarged with supporting context from priming semantically related words. However, when the non-native language was involved, the concreteness effect appeared less consistent. When the priming direction was English to Chinese, abstract words benefited from related words better than concrete words. Overall, we would conclude that the concreteness effect might be most robust only in native language processing. Furthermore, the facilitation from semantically-related words did not help eliminate or minimize, but enlarged the concreteness effect. More bilingual studies would be required to better explore how the concreteness effect can be modulated by other factors. Implications were discussed for existing bilingual processing models and future studies.

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