摘要

本文主要以後殖民之觀點探討詹姆士喬伊斯於其作品中，於形成愛爾蘭國家意識的過程中，政治性的壓迫力量之於其國家與人民之呈現。除外部英國殖民主義及內部愛爾蘭國族主義之外，喬伊斯同時批判存在於兩者中之另一股力量，即愛爾蘭本土知識份子之共謀。此三種政治壓迫性角力之相互勾結促成愛爾蘭國家意識之停滯與癱瘓。本文共含三章。第一章以薩依德(Edward W. Said)之種族分化理論探討愛爾蘭殖民之病徵，強調愛爾蘭他者性之意識形態建構。殖民力量藉由喬伊斯的都柏林人中之殖民病徵呈現，凸顯殖民病徵內化於心靈層次造成心靈癱瘓之過程。第二章運用安德森(Benedict Anderson)之國族論述討論愛爾蘭於十九世紀末至二十世紀初所經歷之一連串政治紛擾與社會變動對於愛爾蘭國家意識形成之干擾，同時分析喬伊斯因愛爾蘭國族主義中之本質主義主張而對其採取矛盾及躊躇不前之態度。第三章結合傅柯(Michel Foucault)知識/力量之論述及葛蘭西(Antonio Gramsci)之霸權理論探討愛爾蘭本土知識份子之共謀策略。利用知識生產之操作建構霸權式之共識深植於愛爾蘭人民，喬伊斯透過作品中知識份子角色揭露該共謀之運作。藉由分析以上充斥於喬伊斯文本中之壓迫性力量，作者重新檢視喬伊斯對愛爾蘭團結國家意識熱情之想望。

Abstract
This thesis investigates James Joyce’s political engagement with the oppressive forces in the making of Irish national consciousness in light of postcolonial perspectives. In addition to British colonialism and Irish nationalism, Joyce critiques the power lying in between: the complicity of native intelligentsia, which makes for the paralysis of Irish national consciousness.
This research consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, I adopt Edward W. Said’s theory of racialization to survey the Irish colonial pathologies, emphasizing the ideological construction of Irish “otherness.” By linking the colonial oppressive forces with Joyce’s colonized Dubliners, I illustrate the colonial pathologies left behind among the Irish is psychologically internalized.
In the second chapter, I employ Benedict Anderson’s national discourse as a means to verify the concept of nation to the Irish by going through the political history of Ireland in Joyce’s Ireland. To explore Joyce’s ambivalent attitude in engaging with Irish nationalism, I elucidate Joyce’s repudiation of Irish nationalism for its claim concerning essentialism and parochialism, oppressing the Irish.
In the third chapter, I apply Michel Foucault’s power/ knowledge discourse in association with Antonio Gramsci’s theory of “Hegemony” to reveal the complicity of Irish native intelligentsia. Joyce’s intellectual representatives exemplify Irish intelligentsia’s active manipulation on knowledge-production in the construction of consensual hegemony among the Irish. By analyzing the three camps of power penetrating Joyce’s narratives, I reexamine Joyce’s impassioned demand for Irish collective national consciousness. Other than the powers operated by states, the incoherence of Irish national consciousness concerns primarily with the collusive intellectual complicity.

Works Cited
Aaron, Kelly. Twentieth-century Irish Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
2008.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of
Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991.
Attridge, Derek. Ed. The Cambridge Companion to James Joyce. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.
---. Joyce Effects: On Language, Theory, and History. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,
2000.
Begam, Richard. "Joyce's Trojan Horse: Ulysses and the Aesthetics of Decolonization.” Modernism and Colonialism: British and Irish Literature 1899~1939. Ed. Michael Valdez Moses, Richard Begam, Maria DiBattista and Declan Kiberd. Durham: Duke UP, 2007. 185-208.
Benda, Julien. The Treason of the Intellectuals.Trans. Richard Aldington. New York: Norton, 1969.
Castle, Gregory. Modernism and the Celtic Revival. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.
Cheng, Vincent J. Joyce, Race, and Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge UP,1995.
---. "Of Canons, Colonies, and Critics: The Ethics and Politics of Postcolonial Joyce
Studies." Cultural Critique 35 (1996-1997): 81-104.
Collins, M. E. History in the Making: Ireland 1868-1966. Dublin: Education Company of Ireland,1993.
Curtis, L. P.. Anglo-Saxons and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England. Bridgeport: Bridgeport UP, 1968.
Deane, Seamus. “Joyce the Irishman.” The Cambridge Companion to James Joyce. Ed. Derek Attridge. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 28-48.
---. Celtic Revivals: Essays in Modern Irish Literature 1880-1980. London: Faber and
Faber, 1985.
Duffy, Enda. The Subaltern Ulysses. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1994.
Eagleton, Terry, et al. Nationalism, Colonialism and Literature. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1990.
Fairhall, James. James Joyce and the Question of History. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993.
Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. London: Penguin, 2001.
Flynn, Thomas. “Foucault’s Mapping of History.” The Cambridge Companion to Foucault. Ed. Gary Gutting. New York: Cambridge UP, 2006.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Pantheon, 1977.
---. Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews andOther Writings, 1972-1977. Ed. and trans. Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.
Gibbons, Luke. "Race against Time: Racial Discourse and Irish History." The Oxford Literary Review 13.1-2 (1991): 95-117.
Gibson, Andrew. Joyce’s Revenge: History, Politics, and Aesthetics in Ulysses. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002.
---. "Time Drops in Decay: A Portrait of the Artist in History." James Joyce Quarterly 44.2 (2007): 697-717
Gifford, Don. Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. 2nd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1982.
---. Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce’s Ulysses. 2nd ed. Berkeley: U of California P, 1988.
Howes, Marjorie. “Joyce, Colonialism, and Nationalism.” The Cambridge Companion to James Joyce. Ed. Derek Attridge. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 254-271.
Hutchinson, John. The Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism: The Gaelic Revival and the Creation of the Irish Nation State. London: Allen & Unwin, 1987.
Hyde, Douglas. "The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland." Language, Lore and Lyrics: Essays and Lectures. Ed. Breandan O. Conaire. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1986. 153-70.
Joyce, James. The Critical Writings of James Joyce. Ed. Ellsworth Mason and Richard Ellmann. New York: Viking, 1959.
---. Dubliners: Text, Criticism and Notes. Ed. Robert Scholes and A. Walton Litz. New York: Penguin, 1996.
---. James Joyce: Occasional, Critical and Political Writings. Ed. Richard, Ellmann. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000.
---. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.New York: Viking, 1964.
---. Ulysses. Ed. Hans Walter Gabler, Wolfhard Steppe, and Claus Melchior. New York: Random House, 1986.
Kearney, Hugh F. Ireland: Contested Ideas of Nationalism and History. New York: New York UP, 2007.
Kiberd, Declan. Inventing Ireland: The Literature of the Modern Nation. London: Random House, 1995.
Lloyd, David. Anomalous States: Irish Writing and the Post-Colonial Moment. Durham: Duke UP, 1993.
Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Memmi, Albert. Decolonization and the Decolonized. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2006.
Mezey, Jason Howard. "Ireland, Europe, the World, the Universe: Political Geography in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man " Journal of Modern Literature 22.4 (1999): 337-48.
Mills, Sara. Michel Foucault. London: Routledge, 2003.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Use and Abuse of History. Trans. Adrian Collins. New York: Macmilan, 1957.
Nolan, Emer. James Joyce and Nationalism. New York: Routledge, 1995.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Random House, 1979.
---. Representations of the Intellectuals. New York: Random House, 1996.
Sheeran, P.F. "Colonists and Colonized: Some Aspects of Anglo-Irish Literature from Swift to Joyce." The Yearbook of English Studies 13 (1983): 97-115.
Spoo, Robert. James Joyce and the Language of History: Dedalus’s Nightmare. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994.
Thomas, Calvin. "Stephen in Process/ Stephen on Trial: the Anxiety of Production in Joyce’s Portrait.” Novel: A Forum on Fiction 23.3 (1990): 282-302.
Walzl, Florence L. “Dubliners: Women in Irish Society.” Ed. Suzette Henke and Elaine Unkeless. Women in Joyce. Sussex: Harvester, 1982.
Weber, Mark. "The Boer War Remembered." The Journal of Historical Review 18.3 (1999): 14-27.
Werner, Craig Hansen. Dubliners: A Pluralistic World. Boston: Twayne, 1988.