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研究生: 張誌峰
Chih-Feng Chang
論文名稱: 同時使用多重工作電壓和多重臨界電壓伴隨邏輯閘置換之低功率賦值方法
Simultaneous Supply and Threshold Voltage Assignment with Gate Sizing for Low Power
指導教授: 麥偉基
Wai-Kei Mak
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系
Computer Science
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 45
中文關鍵詞: 雙重工作電壓設計功率消耗電位移轉器叢集電壓調整貪婪式進階叢集電壓調整工作和臨界電壓調整
外文關鍵詞: Dual Vdd Designs, Power Dissipation, Level Shifters, CVS, GECVS, VVS
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  • 使用多重工作電壓和多重臨界電壓伴隨邏輯閘置換的設計是一種達到低功率的有效方法。我們提出了一個貪婪的方法,同時考慮工作電壓和臨界電壓伴隨邏輯閘置換並且把電位移轉器納入考量,可以有效的去降低功率消耗。我們的實驗結果可以證明我們的演算法在中活性與低活性裡,分別可以減少36.3% 和35.2% 的功率消耗。和一個分成兩階段的演算法作比較,我們在中活性與低活性裡,也分別可以比他們的演算法減少4.2% 和9.7% 的功率消耗。最後,因為我們是同時考慮工作電壓和臨界電壓伴隨邏輯閘置換,導致執行時間非常久,所以我們提出了一個靜態調整的方法和一個動態調整的方法有效的降低執行時間。


    One of the most e®ective way to achieve low power is using multiple supply votages and multiple threshold voltages with gate sizing for modern ASIC designs. We propose a sensitivity based approach to minimize the total power consumption using simultaneous Vdd and Vth voltage assignment with gate sizing that take the level shifters into consideration. The experimental results show that our algorithm can obtain 36.3% and 35.2% average total power savings for nominal primary input activity and low primary input activity, respectively. Compared with a two stage Vdd
    and Vth voltage assignment with gate sizing algorithm in [13], our algorithm also consume 4.2% and 9.7% less average total power than it. Finally, since we perform Vdd and Vth assignment simultaneously, it makes the total runtime very long. So we propose a static adjustment and a dynamic adjustment approaches to reduce the total runtime of our algorithm.

    Acknowledgement i Chinese Abstract ii Abstract iii Contents iv List of Figures vi List of Tables viii 1 Introduction 1 2 Algorithm 8 2.1 Problem De‾nition & Design flow. . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2 Simultaneous Vdd and Vth Assignment with Gate Sizing.9 3 Experimental Results 17 3.1 Delay & Power Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2 Wire Load Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3 Switching Activity Calculation . . . . . . .. . . . 19 3.4 Results.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4 Conclusions 25 5 Appendix 31

    [1] Behnam Amelifard, Farzan Fallah and Massoud
    Pedram, "Low-Power Fanout Optimization Using Multiple
    Threshold Voltage Inverters", Proceedings of the 2005
    International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and
    Design (ISLPED'05), pp. 95-98, August 8-10, 2005

    [2] Stephanie Augsburger and Borivoje Nikolic, "Combining
    Dual-Supply, Dual-Threshold and Transistor Sizing for
    Power Reduction", Proceedings of the 20th International
    Conference on Computer Design (ICCD'02), pp. 316-321,
    September 16-18, 2002

    [3] Chunhong Chen and Majid Sarrafzadeh, "An Effective
    Algorithm for Gate-Level Power-Delay Tradeoff Using
    Two Voltages", Proceedings of the 17th International
    Conference on Computer Design (ICCD'99), pp. 222-227,
    October 10-13, 1999

    [4] S. Ercolani, M. Favalli, M. Damiani, P. Olivo and B.
    Ricco, "Estimate of Signal Probability in
    Combinational Logic Networks", Proceedings of the
    IEEE European Test Conference, pp. 132-138, 1989

    [5] Feng Gao and John P. Hayes, "Total Power Reduction in
    CMOS Circuits via Gate Sizing and Multuple Threshold
    Voltages", Proceedings of the 42th conference on Design
    automation (DAC'05), pp. 31-36, June 13-17, 2005

    [6] Puneet Gupta, Andrew B. Kahng and Puneet Sharma, "A
    Practical Transistor Level Dual Threshold Voltage
    Assignment Methodology", Proceedings of the 6th
    International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
    (ISQED'05), pp. 421-426, March 21-23, 2005

    [7] Yu-Hui Huang, Po-Yuan Chen and TingTing
    Huang, "Switching-Activity Driven Gate Sizing and Vth
    Assignment for Low Power Design", Proceedings of the
    11th Asia and South Paci‾c Design Automation Conference
    (ASPDAC'06), pp. 576-581, January 24-27, 2006

    [8] J. Jaffari and A. Afzali-Kusha, "New Dual-Threshold
    Voltage Assignment Technique for Low-Power Digital
    Circuits", Proceedings of the 16th International
    Conference on Microelectronics (ICM'04), pp. 413-416,
    December 6-8, 2004

    [9] Qadeer A. Khan, Sanjay K. Wadhwa and Kulbhushan
    Misri, "A Single Supply Level Shifter for Multi-Voltage
    Systems", Proceedings of the 18th International
    Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID06), pp. 557-560,
    January 3-7, 2006

    [10] Sarvesh H Kulkarni and Dennis Sylvester, "A New
    Algorithm for Improved VDD Assignment in Low Power
    Dual VDD Systems", Proceedings of the 2004
    International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and
    Design (ISLPED'04), pp. 200-205, August 9-11, 2004

    [11] David Nguyen, Abhijit Davare, Michael Orshansky, David
    Chinnery, Brandon Thompson, and Kurt
    Keutzer, "Minimization of Dynamic and Static Power
    Through Joint Assignment of Threshold Voltages and
    Sizing Optimization", Proceedings of the 2003
    International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and
    Design (ISLPED'03), pp. 158-163, August 25-27, 2003

    [12] K. Sadeghi, M. Emadi and F. Farbiz, "Using Level
    Restoring Method for Dual Supply Voltage", Proceedings
    of the 19th International Conference on VLSI Design
    (VLSID06), pp. 601-605, January 3-7, 2006

    [13] Ashish Srivastava, Dennis Sylvester and David
    Blaauw, "Power Minimization using Simultaneous Gate
    Sizing, Dual-Vdd and Dual-Vth Assignment", Proceedings
    of the 41th conference on Design automation (DAC'04),
    pp. 783-787, June 7-11, 2004

    [14] Ashish Srivastava, Dennis Sylvester and David
    Blaauw, "Concurrent Sizing, Vdd and Vth Assignment for
    Low-Power Design", Proceedings of the Design,
    Automation and Test in Europe Conference and
    Exhibition (DATE'04), pp. 718-719, February 16-20, 2004

    [15] Dennis Sylvester, "System-Level Performance Modeling
    with BACPAC V Berkeley Advanced Chip Performance
    Calculator", Proceedings of the Int. Workshop on
    System-Level Interconnect Prediction, pp. 109-114, 1999

    [16] Kimiyoshi Usami and Mark Horowitz, "Clustred Voltage
    Scaling Technique for Low-Power Design", Proceedings
    of the 1995 International Symposium on Low Power
    Electronics and Design (ISLPED'95), pp. 3-8, 1995

    [17] ISCAS-95 testbenchs,
    http://www.fm.vslib.cz/~kes/asic/iscas/

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