本研究之目的在於設計開發一微鑽孔線上即時品質檢測系統，檢測PCB鑽孔機在鑽孔時，鑽針進入孔內後路徑偏折造成的孔位誤差，以即時全面檢測取代現今完成後的離線抽檢。此檢測系統的設計包含四大部份：影像擷取系統、軟體辨識系統、移動平台系統、及控制系統。本研究涵蓋整體概念設計以及著重前兩部份的開發。影像擷取系統設計以PCB板下方進行，故同時設計新式背板以滿足取像需求，且取像設備採用市售掃描機作為裝置改裝，並能以1200 dpi的低解析度影像求得準確的鑽孔位置。軟體辨識系統則是處理單一影像的孔位位置計算，與複數影像的孔位匹配與整合。程式的位置計算採用權重法求得重心座標鑽孔位置；而孔位匹配的程式運算則是產生向量作為特徵進行篩選與匹配，同時也是修正與整合的依據。依以上設計，本研究組裝了試驗模組，以測試接近實際工作環境狀況下的影像擷取、軟體辨識運算、以及振動影響。測試顯示軟硬體系統皆可達成其應有功能。未來配合上新式低成本位移平台與控制系統進行整合，即能完成完整的微鑽孔線上即時檢測系統。據作者所知，此為第一個可以在線上即時檢測微鑽孔孔位的系統。

The purpose of the research is to develop a real-time inspection system for PCB (Printed Circuit Board) micro drilling to inspect position errors caused by drill bit deflection occurring inside a stack of PCBs. The system will include four main parts: inspection device system, inspection software system, movement platform system and control system. This research covers conceptual design of the the whole system and development of the first two parts. The inspection device system is designed to be placed under the PCB, with a new type of backup board to meet the demand of image capture. The image capture device is modified from a market available scanner of a low resolution of 1200 dpi but is able to obtain precise hole positions with the application of the developed inspection software. The inspection software system includes image processing and hole positions calculation within one image frame as well as hole positions matching and merging across multiple image frames. Position calculation of hole centers uses a pixel weighting method and matching and merging of hole positions applies a comparison method based on characteristic vectors. A test module was built to test image capture, software identification and vibration effects under conditions close to actual working environment. Test results show both hardware and software work successfully. This research lays a solid foundation for the development of a real-time PCB micro drilling hole positions inspection system, which, to the author’s knowledge, will be a first in the industry.

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