本研究利用粒線體DNA細胞色素氧化酶I 部分序列608個鹼基對做為分子標記，探討來自台灣高山湖泊肥胖蕩鏢水溞族群間的遺傳基因結構和親緣地理。總共分析了8個族群136隻個體，共得136條序列，有136個變異位點，其中123個為簡約訊息位點，得到66個單套基因型。核苷酸組成比例呈現AT-rich的現象。計算基因型多樣性 ( Hd )和核苷酸多樣性 ( π )皆顯示族群間遺傳差異明顯( Hd: 0.131~0.990；π: 0.0002~0.0084)；遺傳分化指數 ( Fst )與基因交流指數 ( Nm )也得到族群間遺傳分化明顯的結果(Fst: 0.3~1；Nm: 0~1)。再利用Tajima’s D 和 Fu and Li’s D* and F*計算中性試驗，結果顯示族群內核苷酸的遺傳變異符合中性理論，族群遺傳結構受基因逢機交配所影響，只有加羅湖族群有顯著偏離中性理論，推測加羅湖族群曾經歷過瓶頸效應。根據親緣樹狀圖結果可將各湖泊分成四群（松蘿湖和加羅湖、毒龍潭、中部區域、大鬼湖），除了白石池與屯鹿池之外，各族群皆各自形成一類群未有互相混雜之情形。根據AMOVA 得到肥胖蕩鏢水溞族群的變異來自不同地理之間，並非來自族群內個體之間。利用簡單線性迴歸分析，顯示整體族群的遺傳分化與地理距離呈現顯著正相關，符合距離隔離模式。依分子時鐘估算北部、南部區域分歧時間約為2.60 ~3.60百萬年前，推測肥胖蕩鏢水溞於中央山脈隆起時(3~5百萬年前)便造成南、北地區族群遭受隔離而分化。

In this study, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence of 608 bp use as molecular maker to investigate population genetic structure and phylogeography of Neutrodiaptomus tumidus from alpine lakes of Taiwan. We have 136 sequences from eight populations in total, 66 haplotype are found, which have 136 variable sites include 123 parsimony informative sites. Nucleotide composition was AT-rich. Haplotype diversity ( Hd ) and Nucleotide diversity (π) indicate significant genetic differences between populations ( Hd: 0.131~0.990；π: 0.0002~0.0084)；fixation index (Fst) and gene flow index (Nm) also indicate significant genetic diversification between populations (Fst: 0.3 ~ 1; Nm: 0 ~ 1). Tajima's D, Fu and Li's D* and F* as neutral test, the results indicate that the nucleotide variation within the population is consistent with the neutral theory expect Jia-Lo Lake population , population genetic structure is the result of random mating. Jia-Lo Lake population significant deviation the neutral theory, speculate Jia-Lo Lake population had experienced bottleneck effect. According to phylogenetic tree these alpine lake population can be divided into four groups (Song-Lo Lake and Jia-Lo Lake, Du-Ron Deep Pool, central region, Da-Guei Lake). According to AMOVA, the major genetic variation came from different geographical distribution of population. Using simple linear regression analysis, population genetic differentiation and geographic distance has significant positive correlation, consistent with isolation by distance. Molecular clock estimates the northern, southern regional divergence time was about 2.6 ~ 3.6 Mya, when the Central Mountain Range uplift (3 ~ 5 Mya) cause the population of N. tumidus segregated into northern and southern part.

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