研究生: |
吳明禧 Ming-Si Wu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
鎳金屬錯合物催化1,2-雙烯之加成反應與7-氧庚二烯及其衍生物之開環偶合反應及以鈷金屬錯合物為催化劑之環化加成反應 Nickel-Catalyzed Addition Reaction of 1,2-Dienes and Oxabenzonorbornadienes and Cobalt-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of 1,2-Dienes and Norbornene |
指導教授: |
鄭建鴻
Chien-Hong Cheng |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
理學院 - 化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 198 |
中文關鍵詞: | 鎳金屬錯合物 、加成反應 、1,2-雙烯 、7-氧庚二烯 、鈷金屬錯合物 、環化加成反應 |
外文關鍵詞: | Nickel, Addition Reaction, 1,2-Diene, Oxabenzonorbornadienes, Cobalt, Cycloaddition |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
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以鎳金屬錯合物NiCl2(PPh3)2為催化劑可以成功的將1,2-雙烯(1a-e)、芳香基或烯基碘化合物(2a-h)及有機烯基鋯金屬試劑(3a-d)在一鍋反應之下,進行三分子偶合反應(three-components coupling reaction),成功的得到1,4-雙烯衍生物(4a-q)。此加成反應都是發生在1,2-雙烯末端未取代的雙鍵上,具有極佳的位向選擇性。產物大多為E form,所以反應也具有不錯的立體選擇性。
另外,利用此鎳金屬錯合物NiCl2(PPh3)2也可以成功的催化7-氧庚二烯及其衍生物(5a-e)與有機烯基鋯金屬試劑(3a-h)進行開環加成反應,得到cis-2-alkenyl-dihydronaphthalene的衍生物 (6a-l, 7a-c),反應只得到單一產物且為順式(cis form)產物,因此此反應具有極佳的位向(regio-)及立體選擇性(stereoselective)。而且此反應之反應機構也相當地有趣。
但是只有在不同配位基的鎳金屬錯合物NiBr2(dppe)催化下,才能將有機烷基鋯金屬試劑(alkylzirconium reagent)(15a-j)與7-氧庚二烯及其衍生物(5a-c)進行加成開環反應(ring-opening reaction),得到cis-2-alkyl-dihydronaphthalene的衍生物 (16a-m),且此催化系統可以擴大至丙烯基鋯金屬試劑(allylzirconium reagents)中間體(18a-c)上進行反應,這個反應所得到的產物也一樣具有很好的位向及立體選擇性。
我們也成功的利用鈷金屬錯合物CoI2(PPh3)2催化1,6-庚二炔化合物(1,6-heptadiynes)(24a-g)與丙二烯衍生物(25a-e) 進行[2+2+2]環化加成反應,得到多取代基苯環衍生物(27a-m, 28a-d),若反應使用非對稱性的1,6-雙炔化合物,則產物幾乎全部為間位(meta)的化合物28,幾乎沒有鄰位(ortho)的產物產生,可見這個反應具有非常高的位向(regio)及化學選擇性(chemoselective)。
此CoI2(PPh3)2/Zn催化系統也可以成功的將雙炔(31a-g)化合物與剛性結構之 norbornene衍生物(32a,b)上的碳-碳雙鍵進行三分子環化加成反應(cyclotrimerization) ,成功地得到具多重環(multiple rings)之環己二烯架構之衍生物(33a-k)上,此反應比以前所報導過的利用釕(Ru) 金屬錯合物催化下所能使用的反應物還要廣。
1,2-Dienes (1a-e) and alkenylzirconium reagents (3a-d) underwent three-component assembly with a variety of aromatic iodides or vinyl iodide (2a-h) in the presence of NiCl2(PPh3)2, and Zn powder in dry THF at 50 □C for 24 h to furnish the corresponding 1,4-diene derivatives (4a-q) in moderate to good yields with very high regio- and stereoselectivity. In all of these three-component assembly reactions, the E isomers were formed predominantly with E/Z ratios between 94/6 to 99/1.
Treatment of 7-oxa- and 7-azabenzonorbornadienes (5a-e) with various alkenylzirconium reagents (3a-h) in the presence of NiCl2(PPh3)2, and Zn powder in dry THF at 50 □C for 12 h (or a combination of ZnCl2 and NEt3) afforded the corresponding cis-2-alkenyl-1,2-dihydro naphthalene derivatives (6a-l, 7a-c) in moderate to excellent yields with high regio- and stereoselectivity.
Treatment of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes (5a-c) with various alkylzirconium reagents (15a-j) in the presence of NiBr2(dppe), and Zn powder in dry THF at 50 □C for 12 h afforded the corresponding cis-2-alkyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene derivatives (16a-m) in good yields with high regio- and stereoselectivity.
The CoI2(PPh3)2/Zn system effectively catalyzed the [2+2+2] ene-diyne cycloaddition of 1,6-heptadiynes (24a-g) with allenes (25a-e) in a highly regio- and chemoselective fashion to yield substituted benzene derivatives (27a-m, 28a-d) in good to excellent yields.
Treatment of diynes (31a-g) with norbornenes (32a,b) in the presence of CoI2(PPh3)2 and Zn powder in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 □C for 12 h afforded [2+2+2] cocyclotrimerization adduct (33a-k) exclusively in good yields. These cobalt-catalyzed results are in contrast to the ruthenium-catalyzed reaction of diyne with norbornene reported previously.
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