官能基化奈米碳管於神經電極與白金鍍膜於微生物燃料電池電極之應用

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研究生：	顏湘婕 Yen, Shiang-Jie
論文名稱：	官能基化奈米碳管於神經電極與白金鍍膜於微生物燃料電池電極之應用 Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as a Neural Electrode and Platinum Film as an Electrode for Microbial Fuel Cell
指導教授：	游萃蓉 Yew, Tri-Rung
口試委員:	陳新葉世榮蔡銘麒彭慧玲李連忠
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學工程學系 Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	134
中文關鍵詞：	奈米碳管、神經電極、白金鍍膜、微生物燃料電池
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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在本研究中，主要分為兩個部分，第一個部分是奈米碳管作為神經電極介面，第二部分為白金電極應用在微生物燃料電池。在奈米碳管電極上，主要是在奈米碳管表面進行修飾，以利於生物相容性並進一步應用在神經電極的感測，達到長時間使用的效果，這對於神經科學與神經疾病的應用有相當大的貢獻，如深腦模擬、帕金森斯症與癲癇等。而在白金電極部分，希望將生物應用於能源上，主要是利用不同製程製作之白金電極材料，並以微生物作為生物催化劑，應用於微生物燃料電池並比較其效能。所以，本研究是希望能對於再生能源研究，能夠注入一股新力。
在第一個部分的研究成果，包括成功的將多壁奈米碳管 (multi-walled carbob nanotubes, MWCNTs)表面進行改質，在多壁奈米碳管表面形成帶有氨基正電荷 (NH2+)的表面，而有利於神經細胞 (neuronal cells)的附著與生長，且適用於細胞外訊號紀錄 (extracellular recording)。此外，由於多壁奈米碳管表面經由氨基官能基化後，表面變為更加親水，可降低奈米碳管電極在水溶液中量測的阻抗(impedance)與增加其電容 (capacitance)特性。在奈米碳管電極耐用性 (durability)的測試中，結果顯示奈米碳管表面經由2 wt% 1,4-二氨基丁烷 (1,4-diaminobutane)改質後，此氨基官能基化後的奈米碳管電極，在螯蝦 (crayfish)的神經訊號量測中，有較佳的訊噪比 (126)，即使在空氣中保存六個月，其電性效果仍可維持不變，本研究結果顯示此奈米碳管電極可應用於長期量測神經訊號的使用。此外，氨基官能基化後的奈米碳管不需要披覆poly-L-lysine (PLL)，就可以讓海馬迴神經細胞 (hippocampals)生長在奈米碳管電極表面上。且在本研究中，只要利用化學氣相沉積法 (chemical vapor deposition, CVD)低溫 ( 400 C)成長，自我排列 (self-aligned)的奈米碳管在矽基底 (Si-based)上，並且直接在矽基底上成長的奈米碳管進行氨基官能基改質，作為神經電極的應用，而此製程也可與IC製程相容並予以整合。
在第二個部分，利用不同方法沉積白金 (Pt)在碳布 (carbon cloh)上，作為微生物燃料電池 (microbial fuel cell)的陰極 (cathode)，其白金沉積的方法包含電鍍 (elecrodeposition)、電子槍蒸鍍 (e-gun)與濺鍍 (sputtering)。結果顯示藉由電鍍方式沉積的白金電極，有較佳的氫氣吸附活性 (activity efficiency)，由X光光電子能譜儀 (XPS)分峰 (peak fitting)結果顯示，電鍍的白金電極有較多的金屬態白金　(Pt (0))含量，及具有較高的催化活性　(activity of catalyst)。更進一步的利用循環伏安法 (CV)量測，得到電鍍的白金電極，有較大的白金表面吸附活性面積 (active surface area)，其原因可能是因為電鍍的白金有較小的顆粒形狀大小，造成較大的催化活性。此外，藉由化學阻抗分析 (EIS)，在0.1 Hz頻率下，電鍍的白金電極得到較低的阻抗。而應用於微生物燃料電池的系統中，電鍍的白金電極可得到較高的功率密度 (power density)，並且其他白金沉積方式，電鍍的白金電極有最少的白金含量。因此，由以上的分析結果，電鍍的白金電極顯示優異的效果，有進一步作為燃料電池應用的潛力。

摘要    1
Abstract    4
誌謝    6
Contents    10
List of Figures    14
List of Tables    20
  Fuctionalized Carbon Nanotubes as a Neural Electrode    22
1    Introduction of Neural Electrode    22
2    Literature Review of Neural Electrode    22
2.1    Conventional electrodes    22
2.2    CNT properties    27
2.3    CNT-elecrodes    30
2.4    Surface modification of CNT-electrode    32
2.4.1 Polymer coating of CNT-electrode    33
2.4.2 Chemical functionalization of CNT-electrode    35
3    Experimental Procedures and Instruments of Neural Electrode    37
3.1    Experimental procedures    37
3.1.1 MWCNT electrode fabrication and modification    37
3.2    Experimental instruments    39
3.2.1 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)    39
3.2.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)    40
3.2.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)    41
3.2.4 Micro-Raman spectroscopy (-Raman)    42
3.2.5 Contact angle system    43
3.2.6 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV)    43
3.2.7 Neural signal measurement    44
3.2.8 Cell culture for biocompatibility tests    45
4    Results and Discussion of Neural Electrode    47
4.1    XPS spectra of neural electrode    47
4.2    Amino-functionalized CNT-electrode    48
4.3    Cell culture for biocompatibility tests of neural electrode    53
4.4    Morphology and structure of amino-functionalized CNT-electrode    59
4.5    Electrochemical characterization and neural signal recording of neural electrode    63
5    Conclusions of Neural Electrode    69
  Platinum Film as an Electrode for Microbial Fuel Cell    70
1    Introduction of Microbial fuel cell    70
1.1    History of microbial fuel cell    70
1.2    Mechanism of microbial fuel cell    71
1.2.1 Nanowires electron tansfer    72
1.2.2 Cell-surface electron transfer    72
1.2.3 Mediator electron transfer    72
1.3    MFC components    73
1.3.1 Two-component MFC systems    73
1.3.2 Single-component MFC systems    74
1.4    The influenced factors of MFC performance    75
1.4.1 Activation losses    76
1.4.2 Ohmic losses    77
1.4.3 Concenetration losses    77
2    Literature Review of Microbial Fuel Cell    78
2.3    Cathodic catalyst of MFC    78
2.3.1 Non-Pt catalyst    78
2.3.2 Pt catalyst    80
3    Experimental Procedures and Instruments of Microbial Fuel Cell    82
3.1    Experimental procedures    82
3.1.1 Electrode preparation    82
3.1.2 Bacteria growth    83
3.2    Experimental instruments    83
3.2.1 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)    86
3.2.2 Scanning electron microscope (SEM)    86
3.2.3 Grazing-incident X-ray diffractometeer (GIXRD)    87
3.2.4 Electrodepostion system    88
3.2.5 Inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)    89
3.2.6 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV)    90
4    Results and Discussion of Microbial Fuel Cell    91
4.1    Optimization of the operation parameters of MFC    91
4.1.1 The methodes of bacterial culture with electrodes    91
4.1.2 Bacteria types    92
4.1.3 Different culturing duration of bacteria    93
4.1.4 O2 atmosphere in bacteria/LB solution    95
4.1.5 Measurement system    95
4.1.6 Three different anodes for MFC    97
4.1.7 The different cathodes for MFC    98
4.2    Surface charaterization of carbon cloth, a-CC, and various Pt/a-CC    100
4.3    Structure and morphology of Pt/a-CC    103
4.4    EIS of Pt/a-CC for MFC    105
4.5    Performance of MFC with different cathodes and Pt loading    107
4.6    Electrochemical characterization of Pt deposited on carbon cloth    109
5    Conclusions of Microbial Fuel Cell    113
  Summary    114
  Future Prospects    116
References    118
Publication List    133

                                

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