發展協助視障者融入參與式設計之活動準則｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	張可人 Chang, Ko-Ren
論文名稱：	發展協助視障者融入參與式設計之活動準則 Developing Heuristic for Engaging People with Visual Impairments in Mixed-Ability Participatory Design
指導教授：	王浩全 Wang, Hao-Chuan 黃仲菁 Huang, Chung-Ching
口試委員:	許有真 Hsu, Yu-chen 曾元琦 Tseng, Yuan-Chi
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊系統與應用研究所 Institute of Information Systems and Applications
論文出版年：	2018
畢業學年度：	107
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	50
中文關鍵詞：	參與式設計、視障者、活動準則
外文關鍵詞：	people with visual impairments, participatory design, mixed-ability
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參與式設計時常被應用於為身心障礙族群設計輔具科技上，然而許多常用的設計方法大量的依賴視覺思考與溝通的合作模式使視障使者在參與設計流程時遇到了兩個主要的問題，一是如何參與需要視覺能力的設計方法，二是如何在設計過程中和明眼人合作以及互動。本研究藉由發展數項活動準則協助視障者參與設計方法以及在參與式設計流程中與明眼人參與者合作。
研究舉辦了兩場設計不同主題的盲用科技參與式設計工作坊，工作坊中採用了數項需要視覺與空間能力的設計方法，像是腦力激盪、情境故事版與角色扮演等。在第一次的探索式工作坊中，我們初步了解視障者如何在早期設計流程中參與設計活動並與明眼人合作，並且歸納出四個主要的觀察面向，分別為現有輔具科技的幫助、被指定的助手所扮演的角色、合作規範的影響以及小組逐漸發展的互動合作關係。根據第一次工作坊的結果，我們建立了六項活動準則，並在第二次工作坊中進行了實踐與驗證。之後研究對活動準則進行了修正並提出第二版本之準則，在下列五個方面給予建議:多元化助理的角色、簡化的設計指導語，由小組成員自行發展的合作方式，自主選擇科技產品的使用與維護單一的聲音頻道。最後研究亦根據兩次工作坊中的觀察與經驗提出了額外的建議，期望對未來邀請視障者參與之參與式設計工作坊能有所幫助。

We developed heuristics which aim to engage People with Visual Impairments (PVI) in mixed visual-ability participatory design. Multiple design methods that highly rely on visual capability and the collaborations among team members without visual impairments are two main obstacles that hinder people with visual impairments from adapting in the co-design process. Two participatory design workshops involved PVI with different topics were conducted, including design methods that required visual and spatial capabilities such as brainstorming, storyboarding and roleplaying. In the first exploratory workshop, we gained an initial understanding on how PVI engage and collaborate with sighted participants in the early design process and came up with four observations: supporting from the existing technology, communication protocols, assigned human assistant and collaboration as peers. Six heuristics, applied and validated in the second workshop, were developed based on the finding of the first workshop. The second version of heuristics was modified and revised to five heuristics, which are multiple and flexible assistants, simplifying instruction, customization of collaboration, self-determined technology adoption and maintaining a single voice channel. The further suggestions were also provided according to the synthesizing of our observations.

Abstract    ii
誌謝    iii
Contents    iv
List of Figures    vii
List of Tables    ix
Chapter 1    Introduction    1
Chapter 2    Background    3
1    Strategy to involve PVI into PD process    3
2    The Collaboration between PVI and Sighted People in the Design Process    6
Chapter 3    Study 1: An Exploratory Workshop    7
1    Exploratory Workshop Design    7
1.1    Participants Recruitment    7
1.2    Workshop Design    8
1.3    Data Collection and Analysis    12
2    The Observations: How PVI Participated in the Mixed-Ability Co-design Process?    12
2.1    The Support from the Existing Technologies    12
2.2    Communication Protocol    13
2.3    The Evolving Role of Assistants    15
2.4    Collaboration as Peers    16
3    Short Discussion    18
Chapter 4    The First Version of the Heuristics    20
1    Heuristic 1: Use Moderators Instead of Assistants    21
2    Heuristic 2: Simple and Straightforward Instructions Rather than Complex Rules for Design Activity    22
3    Heuristic 3: Allow Customization of Collaboration    22
4    Heuristic 4: Don’t Enforce the Use of Technology    23
5    Heuristic 5: An Undisturbed Environment for Communication    24
6    Heuristic 6: Ensure PVI’s Access to All Contents or Their Alternatives in the Workshop    24
Chapter 5    Study 2: The Second Workshop for Heuristic Evaluation    25
1    Participation Recruitment    25
2    Workshop Design and Heuristic Practice    26
3    Data Collection and Analysis    27
4    Heuristic Validation Result    29
4.1    Heuristic 1: Use Moderators Instead of Assistants    29
4.2    Heuristic 2: Simple and Straightforward Instructions Rather than Complex Rules for Design Activity    30
4.3    Heuristic 3: Allow Customization of Collaboration    31
4.4    Heuristic 4: Don’t Enforce the Use of Technology    33
4.5    Heuristic 5: An Undisturbed Environment for Communication    36
4.6    Heuristic 6: Ensure PVI’s Access to All Contents or Their Alternatives in the Workshop    36
5    Further Observation    38
5.1    Unexpected “Ice-Breaking” Event    38
Chapter 6    Discussion and the Second Version of the Heuristics    40
1    The Role of the Assistant    40
2    The Interface of the Assistive Technology in PD    41
3    New Heuristics    42
3.1    Heuristic 1: Assistants from Different Sources and Types    42
3.2    Heuristic 2: Simplify Instruction for Design Activities    42
3.3    Heuristic 3: Allow Customization of Collaboration    42
3.4    Heuristic 4: Self-Determined Technology Adoption    42
3.5    Heuristic 5: Single Voice Channel    42
4    Other Suggestions    43
Chapter 7    Limitations and Conclusion    44
1    Limitations    44
2    Conclusion and Future Directions    45
References    47
                                

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