近年來，食品安全議題日益嚴重，我國除了要面對國內的不肖業者的威脅外，更要防範貿易帶來的健康危害。其他國家禽流感的爆發對我國來說是一個警訊，禽流感可能對我國造成的影響，包括對於國內農業、動植物健康、人類健康及經濟都帶來衝擊。因此我國政府採取了限制或是禁止禽類及禽類產品進口的防疫及檢疫措施，而這些防疫及檢疫措施必須遵守WTO的規範，特別是規範防疫及檢疫措施的SPS協定。
SPS協定要求各國必須依照科學證據及風險評估制定SPS措施，因此科學在WTO的爭端中扮演了舉足輕重的角色。為確保我國的SPS措施有遵守SPS協定，本文探討了科學證據在SPS協定中的解釋及適用，透過案例法了解遵循SPS協定的方法，並檢視我國現行規範有無違反SPS協定以及爭端解決機構的解釋，最後給予政府機關建議的做法，使我國在WTO的法律遵循工作上可以更趨完善，又同時可以為我國人民的健康把關。

In recent years, the problem of food safety has become much more serious. Our government should not only face the threat from the domestic enterprises but also defend the health risk stemmed from the world trade. The outbreak of avian flu in other countries should be considered an alert to our country. The avian flu may impact our domestic farming, animal and plant health, human health, and economy. As such, out government restricts or prohibits the import of birds and their product. What our government does should comply with related WTO regulation, especially SPS Agreement.
SPS Agreement requires members to enact their SPS measures based on scientific evidence and risk assessment. Therefore, science plays an important role in the WTO dispute settlement. To ensure that our SPS measure complies with SPSAgreement, this article discusses the explanation of scientific evidence through WTO case study. Then whether our current SPS measure violates Panel’s or Appellate Body’s explanation is also examined. Furthermore, this article provides a possible solution to help our government obey WTO law without any sacrifice of nationals’ health.

外文文獻
專書
 Tracey Epps, International Trade and Health Protection: A Critical Assessment of the WTO’s SPS Agreement (2008).
 United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies Report, Trading Precaution: The Precautionary Principle and the WTO (2005).
 Jacqueline Peel, Science and Risk Regulation in International Law (November 2010)
 Marielle D. Masson-Matthee, The Codex Alimentarius Commission and Its Standards (2007).
 Daniel M Byrd III and C Richard Cotheren, Introduction to Risk Analysis: A Systemic Approach to Science-based Decision-making (2005)
 Vern Walker, Keeping the WTO from Becoming the “World” Trans-science Organization: Science Uncertainty, Science Policy, and Fact-finding in the “Growth Hormones Dispute” (1998).
 Lukasz Gruszczynski, Regulating Health and Environmental Risks under WTO Law: A Critical Analysis of the SPS Agreement (2010).
 David Wilson and Digby Gascoine, National Risk Management and the SPS Agreement, in Robertson and Kellow eds., Globalization and the Environment: Risk Assessment and the WTO (Feb. 23, 2001)
 Sheila Jasanoff, Technological Risk and Cultures of Rationality, in Incorporating Science, Economics and Sociology in Developing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards in International Trade (2000).

期刊論文
 Christiane R Conrad, The EC-Biotech Dispute and Applicability of the SPS Agreement: Are the Panel’s Findings Built on Shaky Ground?, 6 World Trade Review (2007).
 Jacqueline Peel, A GMO by any Other Name . . . Might be an SPS Risk!: Implications of Expanding the Scope of the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement, 17(5) European Journal of International Law (2007).
 Sara Pardo Quintillhn, Free Trade, Public Health Protection and Consumer Information in the European and WTO Context—Hormone-treated Beef and Genetically Modified , Organisms, 33 Journal of World Trade, Issue 6 (1999).
 Howard T. Markey, Science and Law: A Dialogue on Understanding, American Bar Association Journal, Volume 68 (February 1982).
 Theofanis Christoforou, Settlement of Science-Based Trade Disputes in the WTO A Critical Review of the Developing Case Law in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty, N.Y.U. Environmental Law Journal, Vol. 8 (2000).
 Steve Charnovitz, The Supervision of Health and Biosafety Regulation by World Trade Rules, 13 Tulane Environmental Law Journal (2000).
 Alan O Sykes, Domestic Regulation, Sovereignty and Scientifi c Evidence Requirements: A Pessimistic View, 3 Chicago Journal of International Law (2002).
 Douglas Crawford-Brown, Joost Pauwelyn, and Kelly Smith, Environmental Risk, Precaution and Scientific Rationality in the context of WTO/NAFTA Trade Rules, 24(2) Risk Analysis (2004).
 Jacqueline Peel, Risk Regulation under the WTO SPS Agreement: Science as an International Normative Yardstick?, Jean Monnet Working Paper No 2002/04.
 William Bechtel, Scientifi c Evidence: Creating and Evaluating Experimental Instruments and Research Techniques, PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol 1 (1990).
 Oanne Scott, On Kith and Kine (and Crustanceans): Trade and Environment in the EU and WTO in J.H.H. Weiler, ed., The EU, the WTO and the NAFTA—Towards a Common Law of International Trade? (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000).
 Joost Pauwelyn, ‘ The WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures as Applied in the First Three Disputes’ (1999) 4 Journal of International Economic Law.

判決
 Panel Report, India — Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products, WT/DS430/R (Oct. 14, 2014).
 Panel Report, Thailand — Restrictions on Importation of and Internal Taxes on Cigarettes, DS10/R. 37S/200 (Nov. 7, 1990).
 Panel Report, United States — Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, WT/DS2/R (Jan. 29, 1996)
 Panel Report, European Communities — Measures Affecting Asbestos and Products Containing Asbestos, WT/DS135/R (Sep. 18, 2000).
 Appellate Body Report, European Communities — Measures Affecting Asbestos and Products Containing Asbestos, WT/DS135/AB/R (Mar. 12, 2001).
 Appellate Body Report, European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/AB/R; WT/DS48/AB/R (Jan. 16, 1998)
 Panel Report, European Communities — Regime for the Importation, Sale and Distribution of Bananas, WT/DS27/R/ECU (May 22, 1997).
 Panel Report, European Communities — Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, WT/DS291/R; WT/DS292/R; WT/DS293/R (Sep. 29, 2006).
 Appellate Body Report, Australia — Measures Affecting Importation of Salmon, WT/DS18/AB/R (Oct. 20, 1998).
 Appellate Body Report, Japan — Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WT/DS76/AB/R (Feb. 22, 1999)
 Appellate Body Report, Japan — Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples, WT/DS245/AB/R (Nov. 26, 2003).
 Appellate Body Report, India — Measures Concerning the Importation of Certain Agricultural Products, WT/DS430/AB/R (June 4, 2015).
 Panel Report, European Communities — Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones), WT/DS26/R/USA (Aug. 18, 1997)
 Appellate Body Report, Korea – Definitive Safeguard Measure on Imports of Certain Dairy Products, WT/DS98/AB/R (Dec. 14, 1999).
 Appellate Body Report, United States - Measures Affecting Imports of Woven Wool Shirts and Blouses from India, WT/DS33/AB/R (Apr. 25, 1997).
 Panel Report, United States — Continued Suspension of Obligations in the EC — Hormones Dispute, WT/DS320/R (Mar. 31, 2008).
 Appellate Body Report, United States — Continued Suspension of Obligations in the EC — Hormones Dispute, WT/DS320/AB/R (Oct. 16, 2008).
 Panel Report, Japan – Measures Affecting the Importation of Apples, WT/DS245/R (July 15, 2003).
 Panel Report, European Communities — Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products, Annex F, WT/DS291/R/Add.4; WT/DS292/R/Add.4; WT/DS293/R/Add.4 (Sep. 29, 2006).
 Panel Report, Japan - Measures Affecting Agricultural Products, WT/DS76/R (Oct. 27, 1998).

WTO官方文件
 WTO Secrerariat, The report to the 39th session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, Activities of the WTO SPS Committee and other Relevant WTO Activities in 2015 and the First Quarter of 2016, CAC 39/ INF/3, (July, 2016).

網路資源
 World Organization for Animal Health, Avian Influenza Summary, available at http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Media_Center/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/AI-EN.pdf (last visited Aug. 10, 2016).
 WHO Report, Influenza at the human-animal interface--Summary and assessment, 9 May to 13 June 2016, available at http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/Influenza_Summary_IRA_HA_interface_06_13_2016.pdf (last visited Sep. 10, 2016).
 WHO Report, Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, available at http://www.who.int/entity/influenza/human_animal_interface/H5N1_cumulative_table_archives/en/index.html (last visited July 6, 2016)
 OIE official website, http://www.oie.int/about-us/ (last visited Nov. 16, 2016).
 OIE official website, http://www.oie.int/about-us/our-missions/ (last visited Nov. 16, 2016).
 OIE official website, http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/terrestrial-code/ (last visited Nov. 16, 2016).

中文文獻
專書
 國家衛生研究院流感研究小組（2006），《認識H5N1新型流感》，二版。
 國家衛生研究院流感研究小組（2009），《認識H1N1及H5N1新型流感》，四版。
 A. A. Aclicino（著），何灣嵐等（譯）（2006），《打敗禽流感-如何在禽流感大流行中存活》，初版，聯經出版事業股份有限公司。
 《中華民國104年農產貿易統計要覽》，行政院農業委員會統計室編印，2016年4月。
 羅昌發（2010），《國際貿易法》，元照出版。

期刊論文
 鄭雅綺（2007），〈禽流感疫情對總體經濟的口能衝擊—各實證量化評估結果的啟示〉，《經濟研究》，第七期。
 鄭維智（2015），〈回顧我國食品管理之演進及精進〉，《台灣臨床藥學雜誌》，23卷3期。

碩士論文
 謝雨婷（2011），《禽流感、狂牛症和H1N1新型流感對台灣肉品消費之影響》，國立中正大學經濟學系國際經濟學碩士學位論文。
 林哲民（2008），《禽流感威脅下對台灣地區禽肉消費之影響》，國立中正大學國際經濟研究所碩士論文。

網路資源
 2016/2/22行政院農業委員會公告，https://www.baphiq.gov.tw/view.php?catid=14927（最後瀏覽日：2016/8/7）。
 行政院農業委員會動植物防疫檢疫局禽流感資訊專區，http://ai.gov.tw/qanswers.php?id=221（最後瀏覽日：2016/8/7）
 行政院農委會公告，http://www.coa.gov.tw/show_communique.php?cat=show_communique&serial=coa_webuser1_20150520154754 （最後瀏覽日：2016/8/7）。

新聞媒體
 2015/10/7自由時報新聞，http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/paper/921460（最後瀏覽日：2016/8/7）。