本研究目的在探討年級與性別對國小學生在水的三態變化相關概念學習的影響。本研究採用橫斷式調查法，研究工具有水的三態變化成就測驗及水的三態變化概念診斷測驗，研究樣本為桃園市一所公立國小，四年級學生241人、五年級學生243人、六年級學生244人，共計728人 (男361人，女367人)。資料分析方法包含描述統計 (descriptive statistics)、二因子變異數分析 (Two-way ANOVA) 及邏輯斯迴歸分析 (Logistic Regression)。
本研究的重要發現如下：
一、年級對學生在水的三態變化學習成就具有顯著的影響，年級越高學生在水的三態變化學習成就越高。
二、性別對學生在水的三態變化學習成就沒有顯著的影響，也就是男女學生在水的三態變化學習成就沒有顯著差異。
三、年級對學生在蒸發、凝結及沸騰時的蒸發與凝結的概念理解皆有顯著的影響，年級越高學生在水的三態變化的概念理解越好。
四、關於水的三態變化相關概念學習，學生在蒸發概念的理解困難度較低，在凝結概念的理解困難度較高，在沸騰時的蒸發與凝結概念的理解困難度最高。
五、性別對學生在蒸發及凝結的概念理解沒有顯著影響，但性別對學生在沸騰時的蒸發與凝結概念理解有顯著影響，男生顯著優於女生。

This study investigates the effects of grade level and gender on elementary school students’ conceptual understanding of state changes of water. This study used a cross-sectional survey method, and the research tools were the achievement test and the diagnostic test of state changes of water. The student samples were from a public elementary school in Taoyuan City. There were 241 students from the fourth grade, 243 students from the fifth grade, and 244 students from the sixth grade, for a total of 728 students (Male/361, Female/367). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVA and logistic regression.
The research results were as below:
1. Grade level had a significant effect on students' achievement of state changes of water, and the higher grade level students had better achievement of state changes of water.
2. Gender had no significant effect on students' achievement of state changes of water. Therefore, there were no significant differences in achievment of state changes of water between girls and boys.
3. Grade level had a significant effect on students’ conceptual understanding of evaporation, condensation and evaporation and condensation in the process of boiling. The higher grade level students had better conceptual understanding of state changes of water.
4. In learning about state changes of water, students had the least difficulty in developing a conceptual understanding of evaporation, while they had more difficulty in conceptual understanding of condensation. The most difficult concepts for students to understand were evaporation and condensation in the process of boiling.
5. Gender had no significant effect on students’ conceptual understanding of evaporation and condensation. However, gender had a significant effect on students’ conceptual understanding of evaporation and condensation in the process of boiling; moreover, boys had better conceptual understanding than girls.

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