全橋直流╱直流轉換器與同軸變壓器之設計與製作

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研究生：	楊翔宇 Hsiang-Yu Yang
論文名稱：	全橋直流╱直流轉換器與同軸變壓器之設計與製作 Design and Implementation for Full-Bridge Converter and Coaxial Transformer
指導教授：	鄭博泰 Po-Tai Cheng
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	103
中文關鍵詞：	同軸變壓器、全橋轉換器
外文關鍵詞：	Coaxial Transformer, Full-Bridge Converter
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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高功率具隔離之直流╱直流轉換器被廣泛的應用於各種場合，如電信機地台的電源或伺服器主機的電源供應器等。許多重要的文獻中亦提出提高轉換器之效率與功效率密度的方法。為了此一目的，全橋軟切換轉換器因應而生，此種技巧可利用開關元件的零電壓切換，來有效的降低切換損失。然而這種做法將需要一額外的電感或較大的漏感來達成，將會提高導通損失並造成功率密度的下降。
在本論文中將採用一低漏感之變壓器，並架設於全橋半軟切的電路上，來增加系統的功率密度。在同軸架構下，其耦合係數會較傳統變壓器高，如此可達成變壓器的漏感最小化，因此轉換器之落後臂可進行硬式切換，而不會造成過大的損失。責任週期丟失亦由於同軸變壓器的低漏感特性而減少。除此之外在本論文中，亦討論變壓器之損失估算以及設計考量。全橋半軟式切換電路其主要優點為，簡單的電路架構以及較廣的 ZVS 操作範圍。
本論文中介紹了不同之同軸架構，分別包括了一對一導線與一對二導線。並利用 Ansoft 來模擬變壓器之漏感與磁性分析。並使用 Saber 以近似的轉換器電路架構，來模擬轉換器的操作模式，並驗證回授控制正確性。在實作中，分別製作四組同軸變壓器以及一組傳統變壓器，安裝於實際全橋半軟切電路中，來驗證其系統之整體效率。

High power isolated DC/DC converters have been extensively used in various applications, such as telecommunication power supplies, server power supplies, and so on. Significant research efforts have been devoted to increase the operating efficiency and power density of the converter.Soft switching full bridge converter has been proposed to meet these goals by establishing zero voltage switching condition across the power transistors. However, a significant inductor is required to facilitate the resonance condition,and results in increased loss and reduced power density of the converter.
In this thesis, a full bridge converter with limited soft switching capability and a coaxially-wound transformer are presented to improve the power density. With the coaxial winding structure, the coupling coefficient the transformer will be much higher than conventional transformer, and the resulting small leakage inductance enables hard-switching of the slave leg of the converter with little switching loss. The duty cycle loss of the converter is also reduced thanks to the low leakage inductance of the coaxial transformer. The transformer loss estimation and design are also taken into consideration.The advantages of FBSSS converter are simply circuit and wild ZVS range.
Various coaxial structures are presented in the thesis. Detailed simulations using ANSOFT are conducted to observe their magnetic characteristics. These coaxial transformers are constructed in the laboratory and tested with the full bridge converter under soft-switching conditions to evaluate the performance of the entire system.

摘要............................................................................................... I
目錄............................................................................................... III
表目錄............................................................................................VII
圖目錄............................................................................................XII
第一章簡介..................................................................................... 1
1 研究動機........................................................................................ 1
2 研究目的........................................................................................ 3
第二章文獻回顧............................................................................... 4
1 箝位電路........................................................................................ 4
2 變壓器設計.................................................................................... 6
3 結論.............................................................................................. 11
第三章轉換器原理與設計................................................................... 12
1 電路操作原理................................................................................. 12
2 穩態分析........................................................................................ 16
2.1 連續導通模式.................................................................. 16
2.2 不連續導通模式............................................................... 18
2.3 邊界條件......................................................................... 19
2.4 輸出漣波......................................................................... 19
3 損失估算........................................................................................ 20
3.1 導通損失......................................................................... 20
3.2 切換損失......................................................................... 20
4 小信號分析.................................................................................... 21
5 設計步驟........................................................................................ 25
6 控制器設計.................................................................................... 27
第四章同軸變壓器原理與設計............................................................. 32
1 MCWT架構.................................................................................. 32
2 損失估算........................................................................................ 33
2.1 鐵損................................................................................ 33
2.2 銅損................................................................................ 35
3 變壓器元件選擇............................................................................. 37
3.1 導線選擇......................................................................... 38
3.2 鐵芯材料選擇.................................................................. 38
3.3 鐵芯規格......................................................................... 39
4 結果.............................................................................................. 41
第五章模擬結果............................................................................... 44
1 磁性元件模擬................................................................................. 44
1.1 一對一導線之模擬............................................................ 44
1.2 一對二導線之模擬............................................................ 46
2 電路模擬........................................................................................ 50
第六章硬體實作與結果...................................................................... 55
1 變壓器繞製.................................................................................... 55
2 轉換器元件.................................................................................... 56
3 控制方法........................................................................................ 57
4 變壓器量測.................................................................................... 61
5 轉換器量測.................................................................................... 62
5.1 採用圈數比1:1一組鐵芯變壓器之量測(Tr1) ....................... 65
5.2 採用圈數比1:1二組鐵芯變壓器之量測(Tr2) ....................... 72
5.3 採用圈數比1:2一組鐵芯變壓器之量測(Tr3) ....................... 79
5.4 採用圈數比1:2二組鐵芯變壓器之量測(Tr4) ....................... 83
5.5 使用跨接箝位電路............................................................ 92
5.6 整體效率量測.................................................................. 92
6 結論.............................................................................................. 96
第七章結論與討論............................................................................ 98
參考文獻......................................................................................... 99

                                

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