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研究生： 董柏青
Tung, Po-Ching
論文名稱： 安非他命類藥物的來源關係追蹤剖圖和同位素比應用
Deciphering the origin relationship of amphetamine-like drugs based on GC-MS impurity profiles and GC-IRMS isotopic ratio
指導教授： 凌永健
Ling, Yong-Chien
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年： 2010
畢業學年度： 98
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 149
中文關鍵詞： 甲基安非他命 、同位素比質譜儀
相關次數： 點閱：2  下載：0 
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    • 國內目前分析安非他命類藥物如甲基安非他命(MA)及亞甲雙氧基甲基安非他命(MDMA)方法，常以氣相層析質譜儀(GC-MS)分析合成過程中的特徵雜質，進一步區分其合成途徑。但此方法對純度高的毒品，難以成功偵測到特徵雜質；各實驗室前處理及儀器參數有所不同，難與國際接軌，共享調查成果。為一致化分析樣品之前處理方法及儀器參數，本研究利用歐盟安非他命類興奮劑的共同一致剖析測定雜質方法(CHAMP)，並搭配氣相層析同位素比質譜儀(GC-IRMS)測定δ13C及δ15N，同步比對，針對不同來源包括合成方法及查扣MA及MDMA毒樣進行來源追蹤。
    測定熔點及旋光性可初步區分甲基安非他命之先驅原料為(偽)麻黃素或是苯丙酮，並發現15件查扣甲基安非他命毒樣中，12件屬於對人體有較高亢奮效果的右旋甲基安非他命。輔以雜質剖圖及δ13C及δ15N值分析結果，成功建立對甲基安非他命及MDMA來源追蹤之分析方法。以CHAMP GC-MS TIC圖之歐氏距離及δ13C與δ15N值分析結果，建立不同合成批次毒樣間之關聯性。證實當合成變數增加時，所造成的變異會隨之增加。不過受限於查扣樣品純度較高，無法單獨利用CHAMP GC-MS TIC圖之歐氏距離判斷其關聯性，必須依靠δ13C及δ15N值分析結果輔助判定。

    目錄 I 表目錄 V 圖目錄 VII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究動機與目的 1 1-2 氣相層析電子游離質譜儀 5 1-3 元素分析/氣相層析同位素比質譜儀 8 1-3-1 前言 8 1-3-2 穩定性同位素比值分析 9 1-3-3 穩定性同位素比分析之應用 16 1-4 統計分析 18 1-4-1 因素分析 18 1-4-2 歐氏距離 18 1-4-3 群集分析 19 第二章 甲基安非他命來源追蹤 20 2-1 前言 20 2-1-1 甲基安非他命歷史回顧 20 2-1-2 甲基安非他命簡介 20 2-1-3 文獻回顧 26 2-2 實驗方法 30 2-2-1 實驗流程 30 2-2-2 實驗藥品與設備 31 2-2-3 查扣樣品 35 2-2-4 合成樣品 36 2-2-5 前處理方法 38 2-2-6 CHAMP GC-MS分析 41 2-2-7 GC-IRMS分析 42 2-2-8 EA-IRMS分析 48 2-3 結果與討論 50 2-3-1 樣品成分確認 50 2-3-2 樣品熔點及旋光性確認 50 2-3-3 CHAMP GC-MS雜質成分分析 56 2-3-4 CHAMP GC-MS TIC圖歐氏距離估算 66 2-3-5 δ13C及δ15N分析結果 74 2-3-6 來源追蹤 85 第三章 MDMA來源追蹤 95 3-1 前言 95 3-1-1 MDMA歷史回顧 95 3-1-2 MDMA簡介 95 3-1-3 文獻回顧 100 3-2 實驗方法 103 3-2-1 實驗流程 103 3-2-2 實驗藥品與設備 105 3-2-3 查扣樣品 108 3-2-4 合成樣品 108 3-2-5 前處理方法 109 3-2-6 CHAMP GC-MS分析 111 3-2-7 GC-IRMS分析 112 3-3結果與討論 114 3-3-1 樣品成分確認 114 3-3-2 CHAMP GC-MS雜質成分分析 114 3-3-3 δ13C及δ15N分析結果 128 3-3-4 來源追蹤 130 第四章 結論與建議 133 4-1 結論 133 4-1-1 甲基安非他命來源追蹤 133 4-1-2 MDMA來源追蹤 138 4-2 建議 140 4-2-1 甲基安非他命來源追蹤 140 4-2-2 MDMA來源追蹤 141 第五章 參考文獻 142   表目錄 表1-1 輕穩定同位素相關資訊 10 表2-1 甲基安非他命特徵雜質資訊表 28 表2-2 查扣甲基安非他命樣品資訊表 36 表2-3 合成甲基安非他命樣品資訊表 38 表2-4 CHAMP GC-MS儀器參數 42 表2-5 碳同位素比分析品管檢品儀器參數 44 表2-6 氮同位素比分析品管檢品儀器參數 45 表2-7 甲基安非他命樣品及先驅原料之GC-IRMS儀器參數 47 表2-8 EA-IRMS儀器參數 49 表2-9 甲基安非他命合成及查扣樣品結晶之熔點測試結果 52 表2-10 甲基安非他命合成及查扣樣品結晶之旋光性測試結果 53 表2-11 甲基安非他命樣品之雜質鑑定結果(1/2) 60 表2-11 甲基安非他命樣品之雜質鑑定結果(2/2) 61 表2-12 同批次間歐氏距離 68 表2-13 同方法同先驅原料不同批次間歐氏距離 69 表2-14 同方法不同先驅原料間歐氏距離 70 表2-15 同先驅原料不同方法間歐氏距離(1/2) 71 表2-15 同先驅原料不同方法間歐氏距離(2/2) 72 表2-16 以(偽)麻黃素為先驅原料合成之δ13C及δ15N分析結果 76 表2-17 以苯丙酮為先驅原料合成之δ13C及δ15N分析結果 80 表2-18 合成苯丙酮之δ13C及δ15N分析結果 83 表2-19 查扣甲基安非他命樣品之δ13C及δ15N分析結果 84 表2-20 同批次之δ13C與δ15N及計算結果 88 表2-21 同方法同先驅原料不同批次之δ13C與δ15N及計算結果 89 表2-22 同先驅原料不同方法之δ13C與δ15N及計算結果 89 表2-23 同方法不同先驅原料之δ13C與δ15N及計算結果 89 表3-1 MDMA特徵雜質資訊表 101 表3-2 MDMA查扣樣品資訊表 108 表3-3 MDMA合成樣品資訊表 109 表3-4 MDMA樣品及先驅原料之GC-IRMS儀器參數 113 表3-5 MDMA樣品之雜質鑑定結果 119 表3-6 合成MDMA樣品之δ13C及δ15N分析結果 129 表3-7 查扣MDMA樣品之δ13C及δ15N分析結果 130   圖目錄 圖1-1 民國97及98年間違反毒害條例之少年科刑 3 圖1-2 民國91到97年間台灣地區查獲毒品統計圖 3 圖1-3 夜店臨檢採集檢體測試結果統計圖 4 圖1-4 氣相層析質譜儀儀器裝置圖 7 圖1-5 自然界物質之δ13C值 9 圖1-6 氣相層析同位素比質譜儀儀器裝置 13 圖1-7 元素分析同位素比質譜儀儀器裝置圖 15 圖2-1 甲基安非他命(Methamphetamine) 21 圖2-2 正腎上腺素(Norepinephine)及多巴胺(Dopamine) 22 圖2-3 非法實驗室生產甲基安非他命所可能使用的合成方法 25 圖2-4 實驗流程 31 圖2-5 甲基安非他命再結晶前處理方法 39 圖2-6 CHAMP GC-MS分析甲基安非他命之前處理方法 40 圖2-7 GC-IRMS分析甲基安非他命之前處理方法 41 圖2-8 合成甲基安非他命樣品熔點測試結果 54 圖2-9 查扣甲基安非他命樣品熔點測試結果 55 圖2-10 甲基安非他命雜質質譜圖整理(1/4) 62 圖2-10 甲基安非他命雜質質譜圖整理(2/4) 63 圖2-10 甲基安非他命雜質質譜圖整理(3/4) 64 圖2-10 甲基安非他命雜質質譜圖整理(4/4) 65 圖2-11 判定甲基安非他命關聯性之TIC圖歐氏距離標準 73 圖2-12 判定甲基安非他命關聯性之δ13C及δ15N標準 90 圖2-13 查扣甲基安非他命之δ13C與δ15N分佈 93 圖2-14 查扣甲基安非他命之群集分析結果 93 圖2-15 查扣甲基安非他命之群集分析修正結果 94 圖3-1 亞甲雙氧甲基安非他命(MDMA) 96 圖3-2 血清素(Serotonin) 97 圖3-3 常見MDMA合成途徑 99 圖3-4 實驗流程 104 圖3-5 CHAMP GC-MS分析MDMA之前處理方法 110 圖3-6 GC-IRMS分析MDMA之前處理方法 111 圖3-7 MDMA雜質質譜圖(1/8) 120 圖3-7 MDMA雜質質譜圖(2/8) 121 圖3-7 MDMA雜質質譜圖(3/8) 122 圖3-7 MDMA雜質質譜圖(6/8) 125 圖3-7 MDMA雜質質譜圖(7/8) 126 圖3-7 MDMA雜質質譜圖(8/8) 127 圖3-8 查扣MDMA之δ13C與δ15N分佈 132 圖3-9 查扣MDMA之群集分析結果 132 圖4-1 甲基安非他命來源追蹤判定流程圖 137 圖4-2 MDMA來源追蹤判定流程圖 139

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