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| 研究生： |
楊居政 Chu-Cheng Yang |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
含缺陷複材平板之動態行為探討 Investigation of Dynamic Behavior of Composite Plates Containing Defects |
| 指導教授： |
王偉中
Wei-Chung Wang |
| 口試委員: | |
| 學位類別： |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱： |
工學院 - 動力機械工程學系 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering |
| 論文出版年： | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度： | 93 |
| 語文別： | 中文 |
| 論文頁數： | 106 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 模態測試法 、振幅變動電子光斑影像干涉術 、光纖布拉格光柵 、振動 、複合材料平板 、非破壞檢測 |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：3 下載：0 |
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本研究係以模態測試法、振幅變動電子光斑影像干涉術(Amplitude Fluctuation Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry, AF-ESPI)分別探討含缺陷複合材料平板前後表面的動態行為，以了解缺陷對於複材平板於不同振動模態時之影響。本研究另以振動方式進行非破壞檢測並證實以AF-ESPI及光纖布拉格光柵(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)量測是可行的。
目錄
一、前言.............................................................................................1
二、文獻回顧.............................................................................................4
三、實驗原理.............................................................................................6
3.1 模態測試[35].............................................................................6
3.2 振幅變動電子光斑影像干涉術(AF-ESPI)[17,18] ..............11
3.3 FBG[34,36,37].........................................................................15
3.3.1 FBG 的製作....................................................................15
3.3.2 FBG 基本原理................................................................16
3.3.3 FBG 的感測原理............................................................18
四、實驗裝置與試片規劃......................................................................20
4.1 實驗裝置....................................................................................20
4.1.1 模態測試實驗裝置.......................................................20
4.1.2 ESPI 實驗裝置..............................................................20
4.1.3 FBG 感測裝置...........................................................22
4.2 模擬分析軟體.......................................................................23
4.2.1 模態分析軟體STAR[39] .......................................23
4.2.2 套裝軟體SURFER[40] ............................................23
4.3 試片規劃...................................................................................23
4.3.1 含缺陷複合材料試片...................................................24
5、實驗程序.............................................................................................25
5.1 模態測試...................................................................................25
5.2 AF-ESPI.....................................................................................25
5.3 FBG.............................................................................................26
六、結果與討論......................................................................................27
6.1 模態測試與AF-ESPI.................................................................27
6.1.1 模態測試.......................................................................27
6.1.2 AF-ESPI.......................................................................27
6.2 含缺陷複材平板之振動分析...................................................28
6.3 以AF-ESPI 對含缺陷複材試片頻率連續變化下的探討.......35
6.3.1 缺陷所產生的典型振型[21].......................................35
6.3.2 以AF-ESPI 評估缺陷之非破壞檢測...........................35
6.4 以FBG 對含缺陷複材試片之探討...........................................38
6.4.1 以FBG 擷取含缺陷複材試片的共振頻率..................39
6.4.2 在連續頻率變化下以FBG 擷取含缺陷複材試片
之訊號...........................................................................40
6.5 AF-ESPI 與FBG 對缺陷量測之比較..................................43
七、結論與未來展望..............................................................................44
7.1 結論......................................................................................44
7.2 未來展望..............................................................................45
八、參考文獻...........................................................................................47
圖目錄
圖3.1 電子光斑影像干涉術平面外光路圖[41] .................................52
圖3.2 不同影像處理方法ESPI 之比較[18] .......................................52
圖3.3 以全像式干涉曝光製作光纖光柵.............................................53
圖3.4 以相位光罩曝光製作光纖光柵.................................................53
圖3.5 FBG 核心模態反射示意圖..........................................................54
圖3.6 光通過FBG 時的反射與透射示意圖.........................................54
圖3.7 光的波傳與接收示意圖.............................................................55
圖3.8 光柵變形前後光譜變化.............................................................55
圖4.1 模態測試示意圖.........................................................................56
圖4.2 模態測試實驗裝置實景.............................................................56
圖4.3 電子光斑影像干涉術(ESPI)裝置示意圖[41] .................57
圖4.4 FBG 光路示意圖..........................................................................57
圖4.5 寬頻光源之頻譜圖.....................................................................58
圖4.6 試片尺寸.....................................................................................58
圖4.7 複材熱壓之疊層順序圖[21].......................................................59
圖4.8 複合材料製作之養護過程[42]....................................................59
圖4.9 正方形缺陷尺寸.........................................................................60
(a) 50mmX50mm 正方形缺陷….................................................. 60
(b) 30mmX30mm 正方形缺陷….................................................. 60
圖4.10 圓形缺陷尺寸...........................................................................60
(a) 直徑50mm 圓形缺陷.....….................................................. 60
(n) 直徑30mm 圓形缺陷.....….................................................. 60
圖4.11 正方形缺陷在複材平板之位置[21]…..................... 61
(a) 50mm×50mm 之正方形缺陷….................................. 61
(b) 30mm×30mm 之正方形缺陷….................................. 61
圖4.12 圓形缺陷在複材平板之位置[21]….................................. 62
(a) 直徑50mm 之圓形缺陷....…................................... 62
(b) 直徑30mm 之圓形缺陷....…................................... 62
圖4.13 試片缺陷位置示意圖...............................................................63
圖4.14 光纖光柵於[0/90]3S 完整平板之位置.....................................63
圖4.15 光纖光柵於含邊長50mm 方形缺陷複材平板之位置..............64
圖4.16 光纖光柵於含兩個30mmX40mm 矩形缺陷複材平板之位置....64
圖5.1 模態測試取樣點......................................................................65
圖5.2 中心波長1535nm 之FBG 反射光譜.................................65
圖5.3 實驗流程圖.................................................................. 66
圖6.1 A1 試片模態測試振型(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21]) .............67
(a1)94Hz......................................................................................67
(b1)112Hz....................................................................................67
(a2)182Hz....................................................................................67
(b2)207Hz....................................................................................67
(a3)567Hz....................................................................................67
(b3)682Hz....................................................................................67
(a4)837Hz....................................................................................67
(b4)824Hz....................................................................................67
(a5)1416Hz..................................................................................67
(b5)1424Hz..................................................................................67
圖6.2 A2 試片模態測試振型(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21]) .............68
(a1)97Hz......................................................................................68
(b1)97Hz......................................................................................68
(a2)190Hz....................................................................................68
(b2)202Hz....................................................................................68
(a3)601Hz....................................................................................68
(b3)597Hz....................................................................................68
(a4)749Hz....................................................................................68
(b4)726Hz....................................................................................68
(a5)1415Hz..................................................................................68
(b5)1397Hz..................................................................................68
圖6.3 A3 試片模態測試振型(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21]) .............69
(a1)105Hz....................................................................................69
(b1)100Hz....................................................................................69
(a2)190Hz....................................................................................69
(b2)209Hz....................................................................................69
(a3)651Hz....................................................................................69
(b3)604Hz....................................................................................69
(a4)777Hz....................................................................................69
(b4)797Hz....................................................................................69
(a5)1411Hz..................................................................................69
(b5)1460Hz..................................................................................69
圖6.4 A4 試片模態測試振型(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21]) .............70
(a1)91Hz......................................................................................70
(b1)98Hz......................................................................................70
(a2)189Hz....................................................................................70
(b2)204Hz....................................................................................70
(a3)581Hz....................................................................................70
(b3)584Hz....................................................................................70
(a4)744Hz....................................................................................70
(b4)803Hz....................................................................................70
(a5)1455Hz..................................................................................70
(b5)1314Hz..................................................................................70
圖6.5 A5 試片模態測試振型(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21]) .............71
(a1)69Hz......................................................................................71
(b1)69Hz......................................................................................71
(a2)343Hz....................................................................................71
(b2)357Hz....................................................................................71
(a3)431Hz....................................................................................71
(b3)437Hz....................................................................................71
(a4)1045Hz..................................................................................71
(b4)954Hz....................................................................................71
(a5)1268Hz..................................................................................71
(b5)1100Hz..................................................................................71
圖6.6 A6 試片模態測試振型(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21]) .............72
(a1)68Hz......................................................................................72
(b1)69Hz......................................................................................72
(a2)349Hz....................................................................................72
(b2)357Hz....................................................................................72
(a3)442Hz....................................................................................72
(b3)437Hz....................................................................................72
(a4)960Hz....................................................................................72
(b4)954Hz....................................................................................72
(a5)1111Hz..................................................................................72
(b5)1100Hz..................................................................................72
圖6.7 參考點與缺陷處平面外位移比較示意圖.................................73
圖6.8 完整試片[0/90]3S 之AF-ESPI 影像[21].......................74
(a)第一振型117Hz....................................................................74
(b)第二振型226Hz....................................................................74
(c)第三振型709Hz....................................................................74
(d)第四振型884Hz....................................................................74
(e)第五振型1652Hz..................................................................74
圖6.9 完整試片[±45]3S 之AF-ESPI 影像[21] .........................75
(a)第一振型79Hz......................................................................75
(b)第二振型387Hz....................................................................75
(c)第三振型458Hz....................................................................75
(d)第四振型1168Hz..................................................................75
(e)第五振型1521Hz..................................................................75
圖6.10 A1 試片之AF-ESPI 影像圖(其中(a1)~(a5)取自[21])
...................................................................................................76
(a1)第一振形(94Hz) ............................................................76
(b1)第一振形(112Hz) ..........................................................76
(a2)第二振形(182Hz) ..........................................................76
(b2)第二振形(207Hz) ..........................................................76
(a3)第三振形(567Hz) ..........................................................76
(b3)第三振形(682Hz) ..........................................................76
(a4)第四振形(837Hz) .......................................................77
(b4)第四振形(824Hz) ..........................................................77
(a5)第五振形(1416Hz)........................................................77
(b5)第五振形(1424Hz)........................................................77
圖6.11 A2 試片之AF-ESPI 影像圖(其中(a1)~(a5)取
自[21]).....................................................................................78
(a1)第一振形(97Hz) ............................................................78
(b1)第一振形(97Hz) ............................................................78
(a2)第二振形(190Hz) ..........................................................78
(b2)第二振形(202Hz) ..........................................................78
(a3)第三振形(601Hz) ..........................................................78
(b3)第三振形(597Hz) ..........................................................78
(a4)第四振形(749Hz) ..........................................................79
(b4)第四振形(726Hz) ..........................................................79
(a5)第五振形(1415Hz)........................................................79
(b5)第五振形(1397Hz)........................................................79
圖6.12 A3 試片之AF-ESPI 之影像圖(其中(a1)~(a5)取
自[21]).....................................................................................80
(a1)第一振形(105Hz) ..........................................................80
(b1)第一振形(100Hz) ..........................................................80
(a2)第二振形(190Hz) ..........................................................80
(b2)第二振形(209Hz) ..........................................................80
(a3)第三振形(651Hz) ..........................................................80
(b3)第三振形(604Hz) ..........................................................80
(a4)第四振形(777Hz) ..........................................................81
(b4)第四振形(797Hz) ..........................................................81
(a5)第五振形(1411Hz)........................................................81
(b5)第五振形(1460Hz)........................................................81
圖6.13 A4 試片之AF-ESPI 影像圖(其中(a1)~(a5)取
自[21]).....................................................................................82
(a1)第一振形(91Hz) ............................................................82
(b1)第一振形(98Hz) ............................................................82
(a2)第二振形(189Hz) ..........................................................82
(b2)第二振形(204Hz) ..........................................................82
(a3)第三振形(581Hz) ..........................................................82
(b3)第三振形(584Hz) ..........................................................82
(a4)第四振形(744Hz) ..........................................................83
(b4)第四振形(803Hz) ..........................................................83
(a5)第五振形(1455Hz)........................................................83
(b5)第五振形(1314Hz)........................................................83
圖6.14 A5 試片之AF-ESPI 影像圖(其中(a1)~(a5)取
自[21]).....................................................................................84
(a1)第一振形(69Hz) ............................................................84
(b1)第一振形(69Hz) ............................................................84
(a2)第二振形(343Hz) ..........................................................84
(b2)第二振形(357Hz) ..........................................................84
(a3)第三振形(431Hz) ..........................................................84
(b3)第三振形(437Hz) ..........................................................84
(a4)第四振形(1045Hz)........................................................85
(b4)第四振形(954Hz) ..........................................................85
(a5)第五振形(1268Hz)........................................................85
(b5)第五振形(1100Hz)........................................................85
圖6.15 A6 試片之AF-ESPI 影像圖(其中(a1)~(a5)取
自[21]).....................................................................................86
(a1)第一振形(68Hz) ............................................................86
(b1)第一振形(69Hz) ............................................................86
(a2)第二振形(349Hz) ..........................................................86
(b2)第二振形(357Hz) ..........................................................86
(a3)第三振形(442Hz) ..........................................................86
(b3)第三振形(437Hz) ..........................................................86
(a4)第四振形(960Hz) ..........................................................87
(b4)第四振形(954Hz) ..........................................................87
(a5)第五振形(1111Hz)........................................................87
(b5)第五振形(1100Hz)........................................................87
圖6.16 四邊固定含正方形缺陷平板之振型與位移等高線[21] .......88
(a)第一振型................................................................................88
(b)第二振型................................................................................88
(c)第三振型................................................................................88
(d)第一振型之等高線位移圖...................................................88
(e)第二振型之等高線位移圖...................................................88
(f)第三振型之等高線位移圖...................................................88
圖6.17 含正方形缺陷複材平板因局部模態所產生的三種
典型振型.....................................................................................89
(a)第一振型(1300Hz) ................................................................89
(b)第二振型(1600Hz) ................................................................89
(c)第三振型(2000Hz) ................................................................89
圖6.18 試片A1 在頻率連續變化下之AF-ESPI 振型(unit:Hz).......90
(a)100 ...........................................................................................90
(b)200 ...........................................................................................90
(c)300 ...........................................................................................90
(d)400 ...........................................................................................90
(e)500 ...........................................................................................90
(f)600............................................................................................90
(g)700 ...........................................................................................90
(h)800 ...........................................................................................90
(i)900............................................................................................90
(j)1000..........................................................................................90
(k)1100 .........................................................................................90
(l)1200..........................................................................................90
(m)1300........................................................................................90
(n)1400.........................................................................................90
(o)1500.........................................................................................90
(p)1600.........................................................................................90
(q)1700.........................................................................................90
(r)1800..........................................................................................90
(s)1900 .........................................................................................90
(t)2000..........................................................................................90
圖6.19 試片A2 在頻率連續變化下之AF-ESPI 振型(unit:Hz).......91
(a)100 ...........................................................................................91
(b)200 ...........................................................................................91
(c)300 ...........................................................................................91
(d)400 ...........................................................................................91
(e)500 ...........................................................................................91
(f)600............................................................................................91
(g)700 ...........................................................................................91
(h)800 ...........................................................................................91
(i)900............................................................................................91
(j)1000..........................................................................................91
(k)1100 .........................................................................................91
(l)1200..........................................................................................91
(m)1300........................................................................................91
(n)1400.........................................................................................91
(o)1500.........................................................................................91
(p)1600.........................................................................................91
(q)1700.........................................................................................91
(r)1800..........................................................................................91
(s)1900 .........................................................................................91
(t)2000..........................................................................................91
圖6.20 試片A3 在頻率連續變化下之AF-ESPI 振型(unit:Hz).......92
(a)100 ...........................................................................................92
(b)200 ...........................................................................................92
(c)300 ...........................................................................................92
(d)400 ...........................................................................................92
(e)500 ...........................................................................................92
(f)600............................................................................................92
(g)700 ...........................................................................................92
(h)800 ...........................................................................................92
(i)900............................................................................................92
(j)1000..........................................................................................92
(k)1100 .........................................................................................92
(l)1200..........................................................................................92
(m)1300........................................................................................92
(n)1400.........................................................................................92
(o)1500.........................................................................................92
(p)1600.........................................................................................92
(q)1700.........................................................................................92
(r)1800..........................................................................................92
(s)1900 .........................................................................................92
(t)2000..........................................................................................92
圖6.21 試片A4 在頻率連續變化下之AF-ESPI 振型(unit:Hz).......93
(a)100 ...........................................................................................93
(b)200 ...........................................................................................93
(c)300 ...........................................................................................93
(d)400 ...........................................................................................93
(e)500 ...........................................................................................93
(f)600............................................................................................93
(g)700 ...........................................................................................93
(h)800 ...........................................................................................93
(i)900............................................................................................93
(j)1000..........................................................................................93
(k)1100 .........................................................................................93
(l)1200..........................................................................................93
(m)1300........................................................................................93
(n)1400.........................................................................................93
(o)1500.........................................................................................93
(p)1600.........................................................................................93
(q)1700.........................................................................................93
(r)1800..........................................................................................93
(s)1900 .........................................................................................93
(t)2000..........................................................................................93
圖6.22 試片A5 在頻率連續變化下之AF-ESPI 振型(unit:Hz).......94
(a)100 ...........................................................................................94
(b)200 ...........................................................................................94
(c)300 ...........................................................................................94
(d)400 ...........................................................................................94
(e)500 ...........................................................................................94
(f)600............................................................................................94
(g)700 ...........................................................................................94
(h)800 ...........................................................................................94
(i)900............................................................................................94
(j)1000..........................................................................................94
(k)1100 .........................................................................................94
(l)1200..........................................................................................94
(m)1300........................................................................................94
(n)1400.........................................................................................94
(o)1500.........................................................................................94
(p)1600.........................................................................................94
(q)1700.........................................................................................94
(r)1800..........................................................................................94
(s)1900 .........................................................................................94
(t)2000..........................................................................................94
圖6.23 試片A6 在頻率連續變化下之AF-ESPI 振型(unit:Hz).......95
(a)100 ...........................................................................................95
(b)200 ...........................................................................................95
(c)300 ...........................................................................................95
(d)400 ...........................................................................................95
(e)500 ...........................................................................................95
(f)600............................................................................................95
(g)700 ...........................................................................................95
(h)800 ...........................................................................................95
(i)900............................................................................................95
(j)1000..........................................................................................95
(k)1100 .........................................................................................95
(l)1200..........................................................................................95
(m)1300........................................................................................95
(n)1400.........................................................................................95
(o)1500.........................................................................................95
(p)1600.........................................................................................95
(q)1700.........................................................................................95
(r)1800..........................................................................................95
(s)1900 .........................................................................................95
(t)2000..........................................................................................95
圖6.24 不同疊層角度試片之缺陷面積與可檢測出缺陷所到
達頻率之比較.............................................................................96
圖6.25 所得曲線與實際能量變化比較圖...........................................96
圖6.26 試片F1 模態測試與AF-ESPI 結果.........................................97
(a1)第一振型..............................................................................97
(a2)第二振型..............................................................................97
(a3)第三振型..............................................................................97
(a4)第四振型..............................................................................97
(b1)69Hz......................................................................................97
(b2)116Hz....................................................................................97
(b3)389Hz....................................................................................97
(b4)484Hz....................................................................................97
圖6.27 第一模態之訊號圖...................................................................97
(a) F1 試片(64Hz).....................................................................97
(b) F2 試片(61Hz).....................................................................97
(c) F3 試片(60Hz).....................................................................97
圖6.28 第二模態之訊號圖...................................................................98
(a) F1 試片(116Hz)...................................................................98
(b) F2 試片(116Hz)...................................................................98
(c) F3 試片(112Hz)...................................................................98
圖6.29 第三模態之訊號圖...................................................................98
(a) F1 試片(389Hz)...................................................................98
(b) F2 試片(375Hz)...................................................................98
(c) F3 試片(356Hz)...................................................................98
圖6.30 第四模態之訊號圖...................................................................99
(a) F1 試片(484Hz)...................................................................99
(b) F2 試片(482Hz)...................................................................99
(c) F3 試片(477Hz)...................................................................99
圖6.31 頻率100Hz 之訊號圖..............................................................99
(a) F1 試片.................................................................................99
(b) F2 試片.................................................................................99
(c) F3 試片.................................................................................99
圖6.32 頻率200Hz 之訊號圖............................................................100
(a) F1 試片...............................................................................100
(b) F2 試片...............................................................................100
(c) F3 試片...............................................................................100
圖6.33 頻率300Hz 之訊號圖............................................................100
(a) F1 試片...............................................................................100
(b) F2 試片...............................................................................100
(c) F3 試片...............................................................................100
圖6.34 試片頻率400Hz 之訊號圖....................................................101
(a) F1 試片...............................................................................101
(b) F2 試片...............................................................................101
(c) F3 試片...............................................................................101
圖6.35 頻率500Hz 之訊號圖............................................................101
(a) F1 試片...............................................................................101
(b) F2 試片...............................................................................101
(c) F3 試片...............................................................................101
圖6.36 頻率600Hz 之訊號圖............................................................102
(a) F1 試片...............................................................................102
(b) F2 試片...............................................................................102
(c) F3 試片...............................................................................102
圖6.37 試片F1 連續振頻下AF-ESPI 圖...........................................102
(a)100Hz.....................................................................................102
(b)200Hz ....................................................................................102
(c)300Hz.....................................................................................102
(d)400Hz ....................................................................................102
(e)500Hz.....................................................................................102
(f)600Hz.....................................................................................102
表目錄
表3.1 由絕對值第一階貝式函數所計算出之暗紋與位移
大小之關係.................................................................................103
表4.1 含缺陷試片規劃之編號...........................................................103
表6.1 試片A1 之共振頻率.................................................................104
表6.2 試片A2 之共振頻率.................................................................104
表6.3 試片A3 之共振頻率.................................................................104
表6.4 試片A4 之共振頻率.................................................................105
表6.5 試片A5 之共振頻率.................................................................105
表6.6 試片A6 之共振頻率.................................................................105
表6.7 能檢測出試片中缺陷時之頻率...............................................106
表6.8 試片F1、F2 與F3 共振頻率...................................................106
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