知覺經驗有表徵的功能。但是經驗以什麼方式表徵主體環境中的事物、性質、和關係?它是如信念、判斷等心理狀態一般,以概念性的方式來表徵世界嗎?抑或以一種非概念的方式作表徵?對這個問題的探討,不僅涉及經驗的特性,也涉及了其他一些重要的課題,例如概念的擁有,理性思考的特色,人類與其他動物在知覺上的異同,自我意識,客觀性的概念等等。近年來,學者們對這個問題有許多的討論:以John McDowell為首的哲學家,主張經驗的表徵內容都是概念性的;但另一方面,如Christopher Peacocke等人則認為經驗具有非概念內容。本篇論文即在討論Peacocke有關非概念內容的主張,並從三個面向 ― 經驗的細緻性、經驗與信念╱判斷的關係、及人類與其他動物在知覺上的異同 ― 評估Peacocke的觀點,藉以檢討我們是否應該接受知覺經驗具有非概念內容。
Peacocke認為,知覺經驗的內容不僅涉及經驗所表徵的事物以及它們的性質、關係,也是這些事物、性質、關係被知覺的方式;但這種「被知覺的方式」是非概念性的。相對於概念內容,非概念內容不是由概念構成,也缺乏任何類似語句的結構,而且不能做為信念或判斷的內容。但非概念內容有正確與否可言,若環境中的事物、性質、關係等確如經驗所表徵那樣,則經驗的非概念內容是正確的。在此意思下,本篇論文主張:(1)經驗必須具有非概念內容,我們才能說明經驗的細緻性。雖然指示性概念或再認性概念所構成的概念內容也可以十分細緻,但是經驗必須有非概念內容,經驗的主體才能獲得這些概念。(2)概念論者認為,經驗的內容必須是概念性的,否則我們無法說明知覺經驗與信念╱判斷之間的理由關係。但是這種觀點並不正確。承認經驗具有非概念內容,我們還是可以說明兩者的理由關係,因此我們沒有充分的理由接受概念論者的觀點。(3)承認經驗具有非概念內容,我們更能夠說明人類與其他動物在知覺上相同的部分,而且對於兩者的差異也能充分地說明;反觀概念論者的主張固然能凸顯人類與其他動物在知覺上的差異,但較無法說明兩者共同的部分。(4)基於上述三個理由,我們應該接受知覺經驗具有非概念內容。
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