研究生: |
董懷仁 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
廢食用油與高酸油製造生質柴油(Biodiesel)之反應參數探討 |
指導教授: | 黃世傑 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工學院 - 化學工程學系 Department of Chemical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2006 |
畢業學年度: | 94 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 150 |
中文關鍵詞: | 生質柴油 、轉酯化反應 |
外文關鍵詞: | Biodiesel, Transesterification |
相關次數: | 點閱:3 下載:0 |
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摘要
生質柴油的生產原料通常是可食用的植物油,而生質柴油的生產成本70~80%來自原料花費,因此若能使用廢食用油與高酸油等其他成本較低的油脂當作原料油,可大量減少生質柴油的成本。但是廢食用油與高酸油中含有大量的游離脂肪酸(FFA),如果使用鹼觸媒會與游離酸形成皂化物,若使用酸觸媒則反應時間又太長,所以本實驗以酸觸媒先酯化游離酸再以鹼觸媒轉酯化三酸甘油脂。由於廢油中的組成太過複雜,以添加棕櫚酸於大豆油中的方式,調配出與廢食用油(5%FFA)與高酸油(40%FFA)相同酸價的大豆酸油,分別針對廢油中的兩種主要成分:游離脂肪酸和三酸甘油脂,進行酯化反應。酯化反應可分為兩步驟,第一步為預酯化反應,以酸觸媒硫酸催化游離脂肪酸;第二步是以鹼觸媒氫氧化鈉催化三酸甘油脂的轉酯化反應。預酯化反應的較佳參數為轉速200rpm、反應溫度62.5℃、醇酸比20(molar ratio)以及0.1%硫酸,以大豆酸油所求出的游離脂肪酸反應級數為1.4、甲醇反應級數為2,速率常數介於0.0023-0.0534 L.mol-2.4.min-1之間。預酯化反應後以水洗方式將油中的游離脂肪酸與硫酸洗出,再以溫度120℃蒸發一小時後進行鹼催化轉酯化反應。廢食用油轉酯化反應的較佳參數為醇油莫耳比6與1%的氫氧化鈉;而高酸油轉酯化反應較佳參數為醇油莫耳比4與0.5%的氫氧化鈉。
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