本研究旨在探討國小兒童的空間工作記憶，其處理作業的認知負荷對兒童空間工作記憶表現的影響，以及兒童進行不同呈現順序的處理作業（數學線段判斷）和儲存作業（方格黑點記憶）時，瞳孔直徑的改變情形，並分析其主觀評量作業難度和工作記憶表現與瞳孔大小的關係。本研究測驗工具為視覺空間廣度作業與認知負荷評量表。以新竹市兩所國小72名六年級兒童為研究對象，隨機分派至高認知負荷組與低認知負荷組。所有參與者以電腦進行個別施測，同時記錄其主觀評量、記憶表現及眼動情形。本研究以獨立樣本t檢定，發現兒童空間工作記憶表現受到處理作業認知負荷的影響。本研究以二因子混合變異數分析，發現兒童瞳孔大小會隨著處理以及儲存項目順序增加而變大，本研究進一步以單因子變異數分析，發現低認知負荷組兒童瞳孔大小會隨著記憶項目增加而增大。相關分析結果發現，低認知負荷下，主觀知覺與工作記憶表現有顯著負相關；高認知負荷下，瞳孔大小與工作記憶表現有顯著正相關。最後，本研究針對結果進行討論，提出未來研究與實務運用之參考。

關鍵字：空間工作記憶、眼動模式、認知負荷、複雜廣度作業、瞳孔大小

This study aims to explore the impact of cognitive load of processing tasks on elementary school children's spatial working memory performance. This study compares pupil dilation of children when they complete different orders of processing tasks and storage tasks and analyzes the relationship between children’s working memory performance, pupil dilation, and subjective assessment of cognitive load. Seventy-two sixth grade children from the Hsin-chu City assigned to the high and low cognitive load groups randomly. The visual-spatial span task was used to assess children's spatial working memory span and two 9-point scales of each span recall were used as cognitive load evaluation. The eye-tracker of GP3 was used to record the pupil size of children. The results found that the children's spatial working memory performance was affected by the cognitive load of processing tasks. The pupil dilation of children in the low-cognitive-load group increased with the span sizes. The subjective assessment of the cognitive load of children in the low-cognitive-load group was significantly negatively correlated with working memory performance, and the pupil dilation of children in the high-cognitive-load group was positively correlated with working memory performance. Finally, this study discussed the results and suggestions.

Keywords: cognitive load, complex span task, eye movement patterns, pupil size, spatial working memory

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