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研究生: 廖偉傑
Liao, Wei-Chieh
論文名稱: 標準製程下應用於整合型光通訊接收器之光偵測器元件與訊號放大電路設計
The Design of the Photodetectors and Analog Front-Ends for Integrated Optical Receiver in Standard Process
指導教授: 徐永珍
Hsu, Yung-Jane
口試委員: 郭明清
Kuo, Ming-Ching
賴宇紳
Lai, Yu-Shen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電子工程研究所
Institute of Electronics Engineering
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 104
中文關鍵詞: 光纖通訊光接收器光偵測器
外文關鍵詞: Optical Fiber Communication, Optical Receiver, Photo Detector
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  • 近年來隨著科技的進步,大眾對於高速資料傳輸逐漸重視且需要
    ,光纖通訊提供高頻寬介面性質而沒有電訊號傳輸介面的許多缺點,所以光纖通訊系統在資料傳輸上扮演著重要的角色。
    本論文分為兩部分,第一部分為利用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS製程來實現3.125Gb/s光接收前端電路。在所設計的電路中,使用差動主動米勒電容(Differential Active Miller Capacitor,DAMC)電路來取代外接式電容可更有效率的使用晶片面積,而此全整合性之設計也可避免掉晶片外部的雜訊干擾,由量測結果可得到,在使用231-1的虛擬隨機位元序列(Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence,PRBS)以及誤碼率(Bit Error Rate,BER)為10-12的測試條件之下,可得到相當精確的交錯點以及最小化的直流偏移量。整體的轉阻增益、功率耗損及晶片面積分別為108.02dBΩ、43.2mW和0.53mm × 0.61mm,量測結果呈現出來的電路效能皆優於其它文獻。
    第二部分為光偵測器(Photo Detector,PD)的設計,以TSMC 0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS製程實現高響應度(Responsivity)之光偵測器。利用SiGe異質接面材料特性及光電晶體放大特性,增加光偵測器響應度,量測結果在750nm光源下高達75A/W。


    Along with the improvement of technology, people realized the importance and indispensability of high data rate in communications. The Optical Fiber Communication provides the good properties of high bandwidth interface without the problems seen in electrical interface, and therefore the Optical Fiber Communication System plays an important role in modern data transmission.
    This thesis can be divided into two parts. One is the design of the analog front-end in a 3.125 Gb/s optical receiver, fabricated in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology. The designed optical receiver front-end circuit utilizes high performance differential active Miller capacitor (DAMC) circuits to replace the off-chip capacitors so as to achieve an area-efficient design. The fully integrated design can also avoid off-chip noise interference. The measured results show that it the circuit achieves high precise crossing points and minimal dc offset, at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-12 using the 231-1 pseudo-random bit sequence pattern. The achieved transimpedance gain, power consumption and chip area are 108.02dBΩ, 43.2mW and 0.53mm × 0.61mm, respectively. The results show superior performance when compared with the figures in other works.
    The other part of the thesis is the design of high responsivity photodetector, implemented through TSMC 0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The responsivity of photodetector is improved by the properties of SiGe heterojunction and phototransistor and which achieves a measured high value of 75 A/W under a 750nm wavelength light.

    摘要 I Abstract II 致謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 第一章 序論 1 1.1 研究背景與發展現況 1 1.2 研究動機 5 1.3 論文章節架構 6 第二章 光接收器系統主要待測物理量 7 2.1 增益(Gain) 7 2.2 頻寬(Bandwidth) 8 2.3 眼圖(Eye Diagram) 9 2.4 上升時間(Rise Time)與下降時間(Fall Time) 10 2.5 誤碼率(Bit Error Rate,BER) 10 2.6 靈敏度(Sensitivity) 11 2.7 抖動(Jitter) 12 2.7.1 抖動(Jitter)的定義 12 2.7.2 隨機抖動(Random Jitter,RJ) 14 2.7.3 定量性抖動(Deterministic Jitter,DJ) 15 2.8 實際量測眼圖範例 17 2.9 非回零式(Non-Return to Zero,NRZ)訊號產生 18 第三章 光接收器系統分析與設計 19 3.1 光接收器系統介紹 19 3.2 設計流程 20 3.3 光接收器系統規格 21 3.4 光偵測器(Photo Detector,PD) 23 3.5 轉阻放大器(Transimpedance Amplifier,TIA)架構 23 3.5.1 Regulated Cascode(RGC) 23 3.5.2 單端轉雙端之差動放大器(Balun) 24 3.5.3 固定轉導偏壓電路(Constant Transconductance Bias Circuit) 28 3.6 準位自動控制 (Auto DC Control,ADC)電路 29 3.6.1 準位自動控制電路 29 3.6.2 差動型主動米勒電容(Differential Active Miller Capacitor,DAMC)電路 31 3.7 限幅放大器(Limiting Amplifier,LA) 32 3.7.1 後級放大器架構比較 32 3.7.2 限幅放大器增益級 34 3.7.3 級數最佳化 36 3.7.4 限幅放大器(Limiting Amplifier,LA) 38 3.8 直流偏移消除電路(DC Offset Cancellation,DOC) 40 3.9 輸出級(Output Stage or Slicer) 40 3.10 光接收器(Optical Receiver)系統模擬結果 44 3.10.1 製程Corner變異(TT/FF/SS)模擬結果(Post Simulation) 44 3.10.2 電壓變異考量模擬結果(Post Simulation) 54 3.10.3 溫度變異考量模擬結果(Post Simulation) 62 第四章 晶片佈局考量與量測結果 63 4.1 晶片佈局考量 63 4.2 量測儀器介紹 67 4.3 環境架設 68 4.3.1 晶片載具(PCB)設計 68 4.3.2 量測環境 69 4.4 量測結果 71 4.5 量測結果探討 78 4.6 文獻比較 82 第五章 光偵測器 84 5.1 研究動機與目的 84 5.2 光偵測器原理與特性 84 5.2.1 光偵測器原理 84 5.2.2 光偵測器特性 85 5.3 量測結果與分析 87 5.3.1 量測儀器介紹 87 5.3.2 量測環境 88 5.3.3 光點大小與光譜量測 89 5.3.4 元件設計與量測結果 92 第六章 結論與後續建議 101 6.1 結論 101 6.2 後續研究改進之建議 101 參考文獻 102

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