本論文提出整合磁場集中器於異向性磁阻結構以實現具出平面磁場感測之元件，藉由磁場集中器將出平面磁場轉移為同平面磁場及透過磁阻結構感測，並提出柱狀結構陣列之磁場集中器設計以增強其磁場轉移效能。研究內容包含磁阻感測器感測原理的理論介紹及磁場集中器之磁場轉移能力之理論推導和模擬分析。元件製程方面透過光阻作為模具並以電鍍製程製作磁場集中器之金屬鎳結構並整合於異向性磁阻結構，研究也實際透過半導體製程設備製作出元件。元件測試的部分，透過靜態量測元件之幾何特性及磁性材料之磁特性驗證設計之效能，並透過感測性能之量測實際將元件置於磁場中量測，驗證本研究所開發之元件可行性。

This thesis presents integrate magnetic flux concentrator with AMR structures for out-of-plane magnetic field sensor. Through the magnetic flux concentrator, the out-of-plane magnetic field will convert to in-plane magnetic field, and this study proposes magnetic pillar array to be magnetic concentrator to improve it efficacy. This study contains the sensing mechanism of the magnetoresistive sensor and the theoretical derivation and simulation of the magnetic concentrator. In fabrication process, it is using photoresist to be a mold and electroplating the nickel pillars to implement magnetic pillar array. Finally through the static measurement to check the geometry properties and magnetic properties and the performance test to verify the feasibility of the component.

[1] P. Ripka, “Magnetic sensors and magnetometers,” 2001.
[2] J. Lenz and A.S. Edelstein, “Magnetic sensors and their applications,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 2006.
[3] 曾晉沅, “以SOI晶片實現微機電共振式磁力計,” 國立清華大學動力機械工程學系碩士論文, 2012.
[4] E.H. Hall, “On a new action of the magnet on electric currents,” American Joirnal of Mathematics, 1879.
[5] R.S. Popovic, J.A. Flanagan, P.A. Besse, “The future of magnetic sensors,” Sensors and Actuators, 1996.
[6] R. Kyburz, J. Schmid, R.S. Popovic, “Highly Sensitive In0.53Ga0.47As/InP Hall Sensors Grown by MOVPE,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 1994.
[7] M. Epstein, R.B. Schulz, “Magnetic-field pickup for low-frequency radio-interference measuring sets,” Institute of Radio Engineers Transactions on Electron Devices, 1961.
[8] P. Leroy, C. Coillot, A.F. Roux, and G.M. Chanteur, “High magnetic field amplification for improving,” IEEE Sensors Journal, 2006.
[9] http://www.asahi-kasei.co.jp/akm/en/product/ak8975b/ak8975b.html
[10] http://www.st.com/internet/com/TECHNICAL_RESOURCES/TECHNICAL_LITERATURE/DATASHEET/CD00213470.pdf
[11] R.S. Popovic, “The Vertical Hall-effect device,” IEEE Electric Device Letters, 1984.
[12] R. Sunier, P. Monajemi, F. Ayazi, T. Vancura, H. Baltes, O. Brand, “Precise Release and Insulation Technology for Vertical Hall Sensors and Trench-Defined MEMS,” IEEE Sensors, 2004.
[13] H.V. Estrada, “A MEMS-SOI 3D-magnetic field sensor,” IEEE MEMS, 2011.
[14] R.S. Popovic, P.M. Drljaca, C. Schott, R. Racz, “Integrated hall sensor/magnetic flux concentrator microsystems,” MIDEM, 2001.
[15] http://proj3.sinica.edu.tw/~chem/servxx6/files/paper_2735_1231482839.pdf
[16] J. Lenz, G.F. Rouse, L.K. Strandjord, B.B. Pant, A. Metze, H.B. French, E.T. Bensor, D.R. Krahn, “A high-sensitivity magnetoresistive sensor,” Technical Digest of the Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head Island, SC, USA, 1990.
[17] W. Gopel, J. Hesse, J.N. Zemel, “Sensors,” 1989.
[18] K.E. Kuijk, W.J. van Gestel, F.E. Gorter, “The barber pole, a linear magnetoresistive head,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1975.
[19] D.J. Mapps M.L. Watson, N. Fry, “A double bifilar magneto-resistor for earth'sfield detection,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1987.
[20] F.C.S. da Silva, S.T. Halloran, L. Yuan, D.P. Pappas, “A z-component magnetoresistive sensor,” Applied Physics Letters, 2008.
[21] M. Suzuki, T. Fukutani, T. Hirata, S. Aoyagi, S. Shingubara, H. Tajiri, Y. Yoshikawa, T. Nagahata, “Triaxis magnetoresistive (MR) sensorusingpermalloy plate of distorting magnetic field,” IEEE MEMS, 2010.
[22] Y. Cai, C. Byun, Y. Zhao, L. Jiang, “Monolithic tri-axis AMR sensor and manufacturing method thereof,” U.S. Patent No. 0206137 A1, 2012
[23] T.R. McGuire, R.I. Potter, “Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Ferromagnetic 3d Alloys,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1975.
[24] W. Kwiatkowski, S. Tumanski, “The permalloy magnetoresistive sensors-properties and applications,” J. Phys, 1986.
[25] J.I. Martiın, J. Nogues, K. Liu, J.L. Vicente, I.K. Schuller, “Ordered magnetic nanostructures: fabrication and properties,” J. Magnetism. Magnetic Material, 2003.
[26] L. Piraux, S. Dubois, E. Ferain, R. Legras, K. Ounadjela, J.M. George, J.L. Maurice , A. Fert, “Anisotropic transport and magnetic properties of arrays of sub-micron wires,” J. Magnetism. Magnetic Material, 1997.
[27] M. Sato, Y. Ishii, “Simple and approximate expressions of demagnetizing factors of uniformly magnetized rectangular rod and cylinder,” J. Appl. Phys., 1989.
[28] A. D. Butherus, S. Nakahara, “Annealing Kinetics of Thin Permalloy Films,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1985.
[29] S. Krongelb, A. Gangulee, G. Das, “Annealing of Thin Magnetoresistive Permalloy Films,” IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1973.
[30] N. A. Stutzke, S. E. Russek, D. P. Pappas, “Low-frequency noise measurements on commercial magnetoresistivemagnetic field sensors,” Applied Physics Letters, 2005.