中文摘要

本研究旨在探討諮商師運用個人中心取向諮商之諮商經驗。研究係採用質性研究取向，以現象學分析方法進行分析，透過深度訪談方式，獲得四位諮商師的諮商實務經驗資料，並依據研究目的與研究問題，整理出四位研究參與者以個人中心取向作為實務理念之背景經驗、其展現核心態度之整體經驗本質以及在運用個人中心取向之諮商經驗中遭遇之瓶頸與經驗反思。

研究結果發現如下：

一、以個人中心取向作為實務理念之背景經驗包括研究參與者對於個人中心取向理念之欣賞、以情緒為主要切入點的人格特質與個人中心取向諮商之適配性，以及藉由自我經驗，而增進對個人中心取向諮商之信仰。

二、諮商師展現真誠一致、無條件積極關注與同理心之經驗本質當中，其中真誠一致是指諮商師的真實樣態，涉及諮商師個人的穩定狀態與對他人、自我的接納程度；是否表達出真誠一致，主要是要考量個案的福祉；當諮商師本身有負面情感、價值觀衝突和諮商經驗較缺乏時，皆會挑戰到諮商師展現其真誠的態度。

諮商師的無條件積極關注係受到諮商師對自我接納及人性觀的影響，能幫助個案深層的探索自我；其瓶頸也涉及諮商師的負面情感及價值觀的衝突，故可透過對個案整體脈絡理解，並以好奇的態度面對對立的衝突，以化解瓶頸。

至於同理心，則是指諮商師真確的理解個案並將自己的理解表達出來，此不僅促使個案深入探索，亦可為諮商師指引後續的諮商方向。研究參與者皆是透過不斷反覆的修正歷程，藉此達到對個案的真正同理。而在瓶頸上，是因同理心的概念過於抽象，亦涉及研究參與者的個人經驗、價值觀衝突等，諮商師均是透過個案整體脈絡、氛圍的瞭解，並提昇其對個案議題之理解度，以克服其瓶頸。

三、諮商師運用個人中心取向之諮商經驗瓶頸與經驗反思發現，諮商經驗瓶頸包括個人中心取向之實務作法不具體、諮商效果不易達成、三種核心態度不易展現、某些特定類型個案不適用個人中心取向理念進行諮商、以及受到諮商次數之限制，而難以運用非指導學派諮商。因而透過納入其他學派或具體技術於諮商歷程，以及對自我個人議題與狀態，深入自我探索與自我療癒而處理之。諮商師並透過對個案、諮商師、諮商關係、諮商歷程、運用其他學派/技術於個人中心取向諮商歷程，以及個人中心取向諮商經驗對自身的意義等層面，更清楚暸解諮商師運用個人中心取向諮商之經驗本質。

本研究針對研究發現，對諮商實務工作者與研究者，以及諮商師培育機構提出相關建議。

Abstract

This qualitative research aims to explore the counseling experiences of 4 counselors using Person-Centered Approach. The in-depth interview and phenomenological analysis were used to answer research questions, i.e., the rationale of their using person-centered approach as their primary intervention, their experiences of the nature of three core attitude （congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy）, as well as their frustration experiences and overall relfection in applying this approach.
The main findings of the research were as follows:

1.The rationale of using Person-centered approach as their primary intervention include that counselors appreciate the philosophy of this approach, their emotion-focused personality pattern fits into this approach, as well as that they have more faith in this approach as they increase their counseling experiences gradually.

2.The experiences of the nature of three core attitudes: Among them, congruence is the way the counselor is, it depends on how stable and how accepting counselors are to themselves and others; it should put client’s welfare into consideration; counselors will feel less congruent when they feel negative about clients or themselves, have conflict in values and have less counseling experiences.

The unconditional positive regard which is influenced by counselors’ self-acceptance and human nature, can enhance clients’ deeper self-exploration. Counselors’ negative feeling and value conflict will interfere with this core attitude, unless they can understand the client from clients’ whole context and confront those opposing conflicts with curiosity Finally, empathy implies that counselors truly comprehend the client and express their deep understanding, it may both help client’s to explore more, and to guide counselors to following counseling direction. All the research participants leann this core attitude via continuous modification process. Counslors agreed that the concept of empathy is too abstract and on an individual basis, they need to work harder on understanding clients’ context, so as to be real empathic.

3.The frustrative experiences counselors have while using person-centered approach: Counselors feel that person-centered counseling experiences seem to be vague and hard to achieve the goal, those three core attitudes are hard to demonstrate, some specific clients seem to be uncompatable with this approach, moreover, this approach has its shortcomings due to the limit of counseling sessions. So counselors accomdodate other approaches or techniques when helping their clients.

The implication of the study and further suggestions to the practitioners, researchers as well as counselor educators are addressed.

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