研究生: |
何曉雯 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
一位六年級教師實踐等量公理解代數問題教學之行動研究 |
指導教授: | 林碧珍 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
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論文出版年: | 2011 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 中文 |
中文關鍵詞: | 算式填充題 、代數式 、等量公理意義 、等量公理解題 、數學專業成長團體 |
外文關鍵詞: | Fill-in the blank questions, Algebra expressions, Equality axiom, Mathematical professional development team |
相關次數: | 點閱:1 下載:0 |
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本研究是描述研究者進行六年級等量公理解代數問題教學的行動歷程,以及在實際行動中所遭遇的困境與解決方法,並進而探究影響教師改變教學策略的因素及教學者在行動過程中自我反思的歷程。
研究者以自身任教的六年甲班為研究場域。參與者除了研究者本身,還包含班上的34位學生,以及跨校數學專業成長團隊成員。在進入教學前,研究者依據文獻、各版本教材、與諍友的討論、學生前測表現來設計教材與活動,並進行教學。整個教學設計包含「依題意列算式填充題」、「列代數式」、「等量公理意義」以及「應用等量公理解題」四個部份。
研究期間,研究者以教材分析、蒐集並分析學生的解題記錄、撰寫教學反思日記、學生晤談、與諍友交換意見等方式作為行動策略的來源。另外,亦參加「跨校教師的數學專業成長團體」,藉由教室觀察與討論會讓研究者對於教學能有更進一步的掌握,並對學生學習的困難能有更深一層的瞭解。
研究結果發現:六年級學生在學習等量公理解代數問題的教材中,其困難有:(1)容易按照數字出現順序列算式填充題。(2)代數式代表數量的概念薄弱。(3)天平的平衡與等式無法連結。(4)等量公理紀錄格式的錯誤。(5)應用等量公理解「加乘」、「加除」問題時容易出錯。教師面對學生學習困難因應的策略有:(1)改變布題情境。(2)全班討論溝通。(3)透過天平的操作和數學等式相對照。(4)從平衡的概念出發修正學生的紀錄格式。(5)回歸四則運算的規則。
最後,本研究對教師教學及未來研究提出建議。在教師教學方面:學生依題意列式的能力會影響應用等量公理解題,因此,教師必須了解算式填充題的重要性;代數式所代表的意義,需讓學生了解;等量公理意義需透過具體操作;應用等量公理解題時,回歸四則運算的規則,較能幫助學生成功解題。而未來研究則可針對算式填充題是否影響學生學習代數及國小六年級是否有能力以等量公理解「減數未知」、「除數未知」問題進行相關研究。
This study described a teacher’s teaching process on sixth-grade the use of equality axiom in solving algebra questions. The researcher discussed the dilemma the teacher encountered in practice and its solutions. The study also examined the factors affecting the changes of teaching strategies and the teacher’s self-reflections.
The researching field was the researcher’s class. The participants included the researcher and the 34 students in the class. The researcher, as the instructor, also attended “mathematical professional team” to discuss the use of equality axiom in solving algebra questions. The whole teaching design included four parts: listing the fill-in the blank questions according to the meaning of the question, listing algebra expressions, significance of equality axiom and solving questions by applying equality axiom.
During the process of the research, the researcher designed teaching materials and activities, revised the activity strategies through the analysis of records of question-solving records from students, and the conversations between the teacher and students, writing the reflection diary, discussing it with students, and exchanging opinions with other teachers. Besides, the researcher also attended “inter-school teachers mathematic professional development team”, and through class observations and seminars, the researcher had a more precise grasp of the teaching and a better understanding of students’ learning difficulties.
The research showed that grade-six students’ difficulties in learning the use of equality axiom in solving algebra questions are :(1)tending to list the numbers in a Formula Fill-in the blank questions according to the sequence of their appearance,(2)concept of algebraic expression representing quantity is weak,(3) the balance and the equality are unable to link,(4) wrong record form of equality axiom,(5)easy to make errors when applying equality axiom in “add–multiplication’’ and “add –Division’’ questions . Teacher’s strategies for dealing with the problems are as follows: (1) Changing problem situation,(2)Whole class discussion,(3)Linking by the concrete operations and the equality,(4)Revises student's record form from the balanced concept,(5)Returning the order of operations.
Finally, this research made some suggestions for future teaching and researches. First, teachers must understand the importance of Fill-in the blank questions. While using equality axiom , returning the order of operations can help students solve problems successfully. In future research, we can debate fill-in the blank problems whether to affect the student to study the algebra or sixth-grade ability to solve “subtrahend-unknown”, “ divisor-unknown” problems.
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