生質燃料被視為一種可再生性的能源，相對於石化燃料，可減少長期燃燒所造成溫室氣體排放及全球暖化等問題，進而提升環境的友善度，而微藻具有成為生質柴油原料的潛力，因其生長快速、分布範圍廣泛、屬於非糧食作物、某些藻種具有高含油量，其細胞中油脂可經處理成為生質柴油，因此，以不同培養條件誘導微藻細胞提高油脂含量及產量為目前主要研究目標。
本研究利用兩階段培養小球藻 (Chlorella sp.)：第一階段以提高細胞產量為目的，第二階段以反應曲面法針對營養鹽及環境因子篩選出顯著因子並求得對提高油脂含量及產量較適化之培養條件，由實驗結果可知，第一階段小球藻於尿素濃度1.8 g/L下培養第1-10天，最大細胞量可達3.18 g/L；第二階段以溫度：5 ℃、鹽度：0 g/L、尿素濃度：0 g/L、磷酸鹽濃度：0 g/L、總通氣量：2 vvm、CO2濃度：0.03%、光照強度：12000 lux、照光週期：12/12之條件培養第11-14天，以此兩階段培養可得最大油脂含量為43.51%，最大油脂產量為1458.44 mg/L。

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