The Third Eye: Ritual and Linguistic Processes of a Qigong Healing Association Among the Malaysian Chinese

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	吳一凡 Wu, Ifan
論文名稱：	The Third Eye: Ritual and Linguistic Processes of a Qigong Healing Association Among the Malaysian Chinese 聲氣相通：一個馬華氣功治療班儀式與語言的探討
指導教授：	魏捷茲 Wilkerson, James
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	人文社會學院 - 人類學研究所 Anthropology
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	159
中文關鍵詞：	氣功、檳城、儀式、馬來西亞華人、語言過程、醫療
外文關鍵詞：	qigong, Penang, ritual, Malaysian Chinese, linguistic process, healing
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

This thesis explores the connection between members of the Qigong Healing Association and communication in the wider Malaysian society. It looks into a contemporary qigong club to examine how members’ actions and thoughts are inter-influenced by the social context. Through interviews with the members and daily observation, I studied (1) how Sifu (the master) uses performance and his charisma to persuade the practitioners, (2) how the members choose to stay or not to stay in the Association with reciprocal relationships in mind, (3) how the class interactions between Sifu (the master) and members reflect a certain competition of qi interpretation, and (4) how the doctrines, the development of the Association and their interactions correlate to the Malaysian minorities’ condition. Through participation in the qigong ritual, members feel and express qi. By sharing each others’ qi by interpretive language in or after the ritual process, they gain a sense of belonging, answer the question of who they are, and obtain certain subjectivity. During the ritual, members are able to imagine membership in a group that uses Chinese culture to communicate with Malay society. By capturing and describing the ethnographical phenomenon of the qigong class in the Association, I hope to clarify ritual and linguistic processes that help members to understand their circumstances in Malaysia, and thereby contribute to the understanding of human communication and its hidden subjectivity during and after rituals.

這本論文記述了馬來西亞檳城，一個道教的氣功治療班組織，師徒間互動的儀式與語言行為，其反映了馬來西亞華人社群要求文化多樣性的聲音。在某種程度上，氣功治療班是一個共同協商文化認同的管道。透過紀錄氣功治療班的宗教儀式過程以及對信徒的深入訪談，分析信徒們參與氣功班的原因─得到某種滿足感。藉由儀式過程和話語訴說這兩條途徑，信徒們做為一個個體，透過感知和敘說「氣感」，感知自身的存在，並且從中得到正面的力量以面對生活。「氣感」作為個體能動的起點，除了藉著儀式過程認識自我和神靈的存在之外，「氣感」的詮釋也幫助信徒們取得和師父分庭抗禮的文化資本。而對於整個氣功班來說，英語和華語教育的華人們，一同行使想像中的中國文化認同，是與主流結構溝通的一個行動。此論文希望透過地域性的民族誌描述，釐清話語交流有助於人們理解自身的處境，擴增人類學儀式和語言的討論。

Acknowledgements……………………...…………………………………………....2
中文致謝辭……………………………………………………………………………4
Abstract…………………………………...…………………………………………..5
中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………6

   Introduction…………………………………………..…………………………10
1 Title and the Major Theme…………………………………………………...10
2 Field Methods and Sites……………………………………………………...12
3 Literature Review…………………………………………………………….17
4 Chapter Arrangements………………………………………………………..25

   The Setting of the Association……………………………………….................27
1 A Scene in the Association’s Ritual…………………………………………..27
2 Master Lai……………………………………………………………………30
3 The Development of the Association………………………………………...33
4 Members……………………………………………………………………...35
5 Low Promotion of the Association…………………………………………...36
6 Activities of the Association………………………………………………….39
6.1    Master’s Clinic Healing…………………………………………………39
6.1.1    Remote Healing via Photos…………………………………………..39
6.1.2 Healing Clinic on Saturday Afternoon……………………………….40
6.2     Class Ritual Routines………………………………………………….42
6.2.1    Saturday Meditation………………………………………………….42
6.2.2 Sunday Practices……………………………………………………..45
6.2.3 Special Events………………………………………………………..48
7 The Association Fees…………………………………………………………49
8 Master Lai’s Position in the Association….………………………………….50
9 The Social Context in Malaysia……………………………………………...52

   Mapping the Invisible Qi: Performance of Master Lai………………............56
1 Qi-pursuing as the Common Interest………………………………………...56
2 Spatial Setting………………………………………………………………..57
3 Rational Concept……………………………………………………………..59
4 Charismatic Performance…………………………………………………….60
5 Language……………………………………………………………………..64

   To Stay or Not to Stay: Association Members and Their Backgrounds…………………………………………………………...………..67
1 Reasons for Participating…………………………………………………….68
2 The Self-inserted Authenticity……………………………………………….72
3 The Inter-Subjective Habitus………………………………………………...72
4 The Consumer Economy and Subjective Meaning…………………………..75
5 Transformation……………………………………………………………….77
6 Qi as a Social Force…………………………………………………………..79
7 The Imagination of Qi and Social Change…………………………………...79
8 Identity and Inter-Textuality………………………………………………….81
9 The Association Fees and Their Pursuit of Prosperity……………………….85
10 Exchange……………………………………………………………………86
11 Kaiming’s Evaluation: To Stay or Not to Stay……………………………...87

   Self-Inserted Participant Roles: Interactions and Re-contextualizations of Master Lai and the Association Members…………………………………......95
1 Qigong Healing Association and the Related Literature…………………......95
2 Construction of Sifu by Story-telling and Sensation Sharing………………...98
3 The Linguistic Techniques of Sifu…………………………………………..108
3.1 Topic-“Digressing” Utterances in a Speech Event……………………..108
3.2 Participant Role Shift and Techniques of Persuasion…………………..112
4    The Practice of Members’ Self-Inserted Roles and Discourse Incorporation119
4.1 A-person’s Legitimacy-Competing……………………………………..119
5 An Ambiguous Mixed A-Person: The Case of Rose (Mrs. Tan)……………122
6 Interactive Re-Contextualizing by Self-Inserted Participant Roles………...123

 Conclusion: Visions in my Head………………………..…………..………..128
1 Political and Cultural Context………………………………………………129
2 Flexible Doctrines and Plural Request……………………………………...131
3 The Imagined Chinese-ness…………………………………………………132
4 Qi as a Symbolic Mobility………………………………………………….135
5 Analysis……………………………………………………………………..136
6 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..140

Tables……………………………………………………………………………….142
Table 2.1…………………………………………………………………………….142
Table 2.2…………………………………………………………………………….143
Table 2.6…………………………………………………………………………….145
Table 2.6.1…………………………………………………………………………..145
Table 2.6.2…………………………………………………………………………..146
Table 2.7…………………………………………………………………………….146
Table 2.8…………………………………………………………………………….148
Table 3.1…………………………………………………………………………….149
Table 3.4…………………………………………………………………………….151
Table 4.1…………………………………………………………………………….151
Table 5.1…………………………………………………………………………….153
Table 5.2…………………………………………………………………………….154

Appendix
Appendix A…………………………………………………………………………155
Appendix B………………………………………………………………………....155

References………………………………………………………………….………156

                                

Anderson, Benedict
1983[1996] Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso.

Bauman, Richard and Patrick Feaster
2005 ‘Fellow Townsmen and My Noble Constituents!’: Representations of Oratory on Early Commercial Recordings. Oral Tradition 20/1 (2005): 35-57.

Bauman, Richard and Charles Briggs
1990 Poetics and Performance as Critical Perspectives on Language and Social Life. Annual Review Anthropology 19: 59-88.

Bourdieu, Pierre
1980 [1990] The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Bourdieu, Pierre and Jean-Claude Passeron
1977 Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. London: Sage Publications.

Dean, Kenneth
2003 Lineage and Territorial Cults: Transformation and Interactions in the Irrigated Putian Plains. In Belief, Ritual and Society. Meirong Lin, ed. Pp 87-130. Taipei: Academia Sinica.

DeBernardi, Jean
2004 Rites of Belonging: Memory, Modernity, and Identity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Douglas, Mary
1966 Purity and Danger. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
1973 Natural Symbols. New York: Vintage.

Du Bois, John W.
1992 Meaning Without Intention: Lessons from Divination. In Responsibility and Evidence in Oral Discourse. Jane Hill and Judith Irvine, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Durkheim, Émile
1995 The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Karen Fields Trans. New York: The Free Press.

Freedman, Maurice
1974 On the Sociological Studies of Chinese Religion. In Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Arthur Wolf, ed. Pp.19-41. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Goffman, Ervin
1981 Footing. Forms of Talk. Pp. 124-157. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1963 Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.

Irvine, Judith
1996 Shadow Conversations: The Indeterminacy of Participant Roles. In Natural Histories of Discourse. Michael Silverstein and Greg Urban, eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Jennings, Sue
1995 Theatre, Ritual and Transformation. London: Routledge.

Leong H. Liew.
2003 Ethnicity and Class in Malaysia. In Ethnicity in Asia. Colin Mackerras, ed. Pp. 88-100. New York: Routledge.

Lessa, A. William and Evon Z. Vodt, eds
1979 The Function of Religion in Human Society. In Reader in Comparative Religion: An Anthropological Approach. Pp. 37-45. New York: Harper & Row.

Lo, Chen-hsin
1997 算命技巧裡面的語言表演. Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology Academia Sinica 84: 37-60.

Luckmann, Thomas
1967 The Invisible Religion: The Problem of Religion in Modern Society. New York: The Macmillan Company.

Mauss, Marcel
1990 The Gift: the Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Perrino, Sabina M.
2002 Intimate Hierarchies and Qu’ranic Saliva (tefli): Texuality in a Senegalese Ethnomedical Encounter. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 12: 225-59.
Sangren, P. Steven
1984 “Great Tradition and Little Tradition Reconsidered: The Question of Cultural Integration in China.” Journal of Chinese Studies I: 1-24.

Shamsul A. B.
1998 Bureaucratic Management of Identity in a Modern State: ‘Malayness’ in Postwar Malaysia. In Making Majorities: Constituting the Nation in Japan, Korea, China, Malaysia, Fiji, Turkey, and the United States. Dru C. Gladney, ed. Pp.135-151. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Sheperd, John R.
2003 Rethinking Sinicization: Process of Acculturation and Assimilation. In國家、市場與脈絡化的族群. Bien Chiang and Ts’uip’ing Ho, eds. Pp. 133-150. Taipei: Academia Sinica.

Silverstein, Michael
1984 On the Pragmatic ‘Poetry’ of Prose: Parallelism, Repetition, and Cohesive Structure in the time Course of Dyadic Conversation. In Meaning, Form, and Use in Context: Linguistic Applications. Deborah Shiffrin, ed. Pp. 181-199. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Luckmann, Thomas
1967 The Invisible Religion: New York: The Macmillan Company.

Turner, Victor
1969[1995] The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
1974 Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca: Cornell University.
1982 From Ritual to Theatre: The Human Seriousness of Play. New York: PAJ Publications.
1985 On the Edge of the Bush: Anthropology as Experience. Tuscan: The University of Arizona Press.

Vidhu Verma
2002 Malaysia: State and Civil Society in Transition. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Watson, James L.
1985 Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of T’ien Hou (Empress of Heaven) Along the South China Coast, 960-1960. In Popular Culture in Late Imperial China. David Johnson, Andrew J. Nathan and Evelyn S. Rawski, eds. Pp. 292-324. Berkeley and London: University of California Press.

Weber, Max
1930[2001] The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Talcott Parsons trans. London: Routledge.
1947 Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. A.M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons trans. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wolf, Arthur
1974 “Introduction.” In Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Arthur P. Wolf, ed. Pp. 1-18. Stanford: Stanford University.

Yan, Hsue-cheng
2002 The Cultivation of Qi: An Anthropological Study of Body and Mind Interaction. Journal of Archeology and Anthropology (Bulletin of the Department of Anthropology): 58:112-145.

Yu, Shuenn-der
2003 Meditation, Daily Lives and Religious Practice: An Ethnographic Approach Based on Cixi Case Study. Journal of Archeology and Anthropology (Bulletin of the Department of Anthropology) 59:116-151.

全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校內網路)
全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文