本研究主要探討近義詞「拉」和「扯」的語意關聯性，透過國教院語料庫的實際語料觀察與整理，分析兩動詞各自的中心語意，以及其他延伸語意之間的關係，從中找出「拉」和「扯」的語意關聯性，幫助學習者能更有效率的理解與使用此組近義詞。
本文研究方法以詞彙語意學為主軸，參考Stefanowitsch & Gries（2003）所提之構式搭配詞位分析法，結合國教院語料庫進階索引系統，搜尋「拉」和「扯」各自偏好的顯著搭配詞彙，以「動詞右1~5的名詞」、「動詞左1~5的副詞」以及「動詞右1~5的狀態不及物動詞」為檢索範圍，並將名詞類搭配詞彙劃分為具體用法與抽象用法兩部分，作為本文主要語料分析範圍。首先根據Talmy（1988）所提之力動態（force dynamic）概念觀察動詞「拉」和「扯」與具體用法之搭配詞彙的互動，解析兩動詞各自的施力圖解，再根據Lakoff & Johnson（1980）的隱喻與轉喻理論分析兩動詞的抽象搭配用法，最後觀察兩動詞的副詞與狀態不及物動詞之修飾搭配偏好，進一步分析兩動詞所突顯的施力特性。
最終研究結果顯示：動詞「拉」和「扯」的主要差異在於前者為「持續施力」的語意概念；後者為「瞬間施力」的語意概念。兩動詞的延伸語意皆是中心語意搭配不同類型的詞彙進而產生新的語意詮釋，「拉」和「扯」本身並不具備多種語意解釋，是因為詞彙搭配產生新的語意詮釋而延伸出多義現象。「拉」和「扯」的近義關係是源於兩者皆指對施力對象作用一力道，且有某部分相同的搭配類型，事實上兩者所表達的施力特性截然不同，「拉」突顯的是持續施力的過程；「扯」突顯的是瞬間施力的作用。

This thesis aims to explore the semantic relatedness of the near synonymous words “LA” and “CHE.” Based on the data from the National Academy for Educational Research Corpus, we analyzed the prototypical senses and the relationship of other extended senses to find out the semantic relatedness between “LA” and “CHE.” It can help learners understand and use this near synonymous pair more efficiently.
The methodology of this thesis is based on lexical semantics. We used the collostructional collexeme analysis proposed by Stefanowitsch & Gries (2003). With the help of the advanced indexing system of the National Academy for Educational Research Corpus, we selected “the nouns on the right 1~5 of the verbs,” “the adverbs on the left 1~5 of the verbs” and “the intransitive state verbs on the right 1~5 of the verbs” as the scope to search the significant collexemes of “LA” and “CHE.” We divided the collexemes of nouns into two parts: concrete usage and abstract usage. Based on the concept of the force dynamics proposed by Talmy (1988), we observed the interaction between the verbs “LA” and “CHE” and their collocations in the concrete usage, and analyzed the force diagrams of the two verbs. Then according to the theory of metaphor and metonymy proposed by Lakoff & Johnson (1980), we analyzed the collocations of the two verbs in the abstract usage. Lastly, we observed the collocations of the adverbs and the intransitive staste verbs to analyze the force features of verbs “LA” and “CHE.”
The results showed: the main difference between the verbs “LA” and “CHE” is that the former is a “continuous force concept” and the latter is an “instantaneous force concept.” The extended senses of both verbs are caused by the prototypical senses. The collocates will bring new meanings to the two verbs. The verbs themselves do not have multiple semantic interpretations. The seeming polysemy exhibited by the two verbs is in fact a direct result of their collocational patterns. The relationship between the near synonymous “LA” and “CHE” is due to the fact that they both mean “exert force on an object,” and some of their collocation types are identical. However, they show completely different force features, viz., “LA” emphasizes the process of continuous force; “CHE” emphasizes the action of instantaneous force.

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網路資訊：

中文詞彙網路 http://lope.linguistics.ntu.edu.tw/cwn/
中央研究院平衡語料庫 http://asbc.iis.sinica.edu.tw/
國教院語料庫索引典系統 https://coct.naer.edu.tw/cqpweb/
教育部《重編國語辭典修訂本》http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cbdic/