此研究發展電漿輔助化學氣相沉積法(Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, PECVD)製備石墨烯奈米壁(graphene nanowalls, GNWs)與氮摻雜石墨烯奈米壁 (N-doped graphene nano- walls, NGNWs)及石墨烯粉體。在有機相超級電容器方面的應用使用甲烷、乙烯及乙炔作為碳源前驅物，輔以氬氣、氮氣或氨氣電漿分別製備GNWs及NGNWs。石墨烯奈米壁的層數與品質可藉由調整前驅物流率、腔體壓力以及電漿處理時間達到控制。而電化學活化法則是在循環伏安測試中施加由開環路電位至相對較正(+2 V)或較負(-3 V)的電位(相對於Ag/AgNO3 in 1 M TEABF4/PC)，隨著掃描圈數提升，陰離子或陽離子會往GNW及NGNW嵌入，撐開層間距使表面積提升，使更多離子吸附，達到電容值的提升，提升幅度可達原本的兩倍。藉由電化學活化法組成的非對稱超級電容器可在在4 kW kg-1的比功率下表現出30 Wh kg-1的比能量。
在不同碳源製備石墨烯奈米壁方面，發現未通入氨氣的狀況下，石墨烯與基材的附著性相當差。因此對於乙烯及乙炔而言，氨氣有助於提升成長之石墨烯與基材的附著性。除此之外，對於比電容值的表現也有些微提升，其中乙炔製備的NGNW經過電化學活化之比電容可達接近80 F g-1。且不論是何種碳源，在較低功率下(600 W)製備得到的石墨烯奈米壁之電化學表現較好。在全電池測試中，其操作電壓甚至可以達到4–4.2 V，而目前文獻在有機相超級電容器中，普遍電壓約為3.5 V左右，相較之下電壓高出了不少。而NGNW做為負極之下限電位可達-2.5 V，相較於常見的活性碳負極電位僅-2.0 V左右。
在微波電漿火炬的研究中可以藉由調整參數控制石墨烯的品質，而石墨烯粉體可以做為白金分散的載體使用，進而使電極擁有產氫催化能力。將白金絲作為對應電極，石墨烯塗佈的碳紙作為工作電極，在0.5 M硫酸電解液中與Ag/AgCl參考電極組成三極式系統，藉由循環伏安法將Pt分散至工作電極上。發現可在Pt含量極低的情況下擁有不錯的產氫催化能力，在9×10-4 mg cm-2的Pt含量下具有291 m2 g-1的電化學活性面積，跟不少文獻相比皆更高，推測是因為分散上去的白金為奈米級粒子。而在利用定電位法提高儲氫量的測試中也發現隨著時間的增加，氫脫負峰的變化與Pt的晶相有關，這點值得進一步深入探討。
以上研究結果顯示出微波電漿火炬法製備的各種結構之石墨烯具有相當廣泛的應用，除了可以藉由調整前驅物流率、壓力、時間等參數達到控制品質的目的。而石墨烯奈米壁在有機相超級電容器中，操作電壓可以達到4–4.2V，幾乎高於目前絕大多數研究。也可以藉由更換前驅物種類，達到異質元素摻雜或是獲得不同品質之石墨烯，具有相當的潛力。

In this research, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method with the microwave plasma torch (MPT) technique was employed to produce graphene nanowalls (GNWs), N-doped graphnene nanowalls (NGNWs) and graphene powder. Methane, ehtylene, and acetylene were carbon source precursors and argon, nitrogen, or ammonia gases were employed as the carrier gas for preparing GNWs and NGNWs. The flow rate of precursors, pressure of the PECVD chamber, and plasma treatment time can be adjusting to control the qualities and layers of GNWs/NGNWs.
For electrochemical activation, a relatively positive potential window (from open circuit potential to +2 V) or negative potential window (from open circuit potential to -3 V) was applied in cyclic voltammetry (vs. Ag/AgNO3 in 1 M TEABF4/PC). In the activation process, anions or cations will intercalate into the graphene layer, resulting in the expansion of interlayer distance and leading to the enhancement of specific capacitance. An asymmetric supercapacitor composed of positive activated GNW and negative activated NGNW exhibited an energy density of 30 Wh kg-1 at 4 kW kg-1 power density.
In the preparation of graphene nanowalls from different carbon sources, it is found that the adhesion between graphene and substrate is quite poor without the introduction of ammonia gas. Therefore, for ethylene and acetylene carbon sources, ammonia is beneficial to improve the adhesion. The specific capacitance of NGNW prepared from acetylene can reach close to 80 F g-1 after electrochemical activation.
In the research of microwave plasma torch, the desired graphene quality can be grown by controlling the parameters, in which graphene powder can be used as a carrier for platinum dispersion, so that the electrode has the catalytic ability for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The platinum wire was used as the counter electrode, and the graphene produced by MPT tool coated carbon paper was used as the working electrode. The three-electrode system was assembling with Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 0.5 M H2SO4, and Pt was dispersed on the working electrode by cyclic voltammetry. It is found that it can have a good HER ability at Pt content of 9×10-4 mg cm-2 and has an electrochemically active surface area (EAS) of 291 m2 g-1. Such a high EAS might be attributed to the nanosize of Pt. In the test of increasing the hydrogen storage capacity by constant potential method, it was also found that with the increase of time, the change of the hydrogen desorption peak is related to the crystalline phase of Pt, this phenomenon needs further investigation.
The above results show that the graphene with various structures prepared by the microwave plasma torch has a wide range of applications, in addition to adjusting the precursor flow rate, pressure, time and other parameters to achieve the purpose of quality control. The cell voltages of GNW- and/or NGNW-based organice electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) can reach 4.0-4.2 V, much higher than most researches on the organic EDLCs. The types of precursors can also be easily changed to achieve diverse graphene preparation, which has considerable potential for further application.

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