經濟發展之於能源，猶如魚之於水。能源乃是經濟發展不可或缺的一項要素，然而化石燃料的燃燒排放大量溫室氣體已使全球氣候變遷甚鉅。世界各國紛紛提出應以提昇能源使用效率為對策來抑制二氧化碳的排放，然而目前用以衡量能源使用效率的指標─能源生產力，易因GDP的變動而產生波動，無法反映真實的能源使用效率，而其解析方法(decomposition)僅能瞭解指標變動的效果來源，無助於分析個別能源的使用效率。而一般用以分析效率的成本效率、隨機邊界、包絡分析等方法僅能分析個別廠商(或產業、國家)的整體效率，亦無法針對特定能源投入進行分析。

據此，本文回歸經濟理論，參考Feijoo et al. (2002)的方法，分別從生產面與成本面訂定能源效率指標─單位能源投入損失，此指標除了具有Feijoo et al. (2002)所訂指標的特性，可以衡量特定能源的使用效率外，亦可進行廠際的能源效率比較，而不失客觀標準。而單位能源投入損失係屬貨幣單位，可以加總的方式求得總體層級的能源使用效率。本文亦討論在二氧化碳排放管制與課徵碳稅兩種環境政策下，能源使用效率將受到怎樣的影響。此外，本文以OLS、2SLS、隨機邊界等方法針對台灣1982年至2003年的能源生產力進行實證研究，研究發現以隨機生產邊界方法估得的能源生產力較能排除能源以外因素對GDP所造成的影響，可更真實反映能源使用效率。

關鍵字：能源效率、二氧化碳排放管制、碳稅、隨機生產邊界函數

For the purpose that energy use makes lots of pollution and does change the climate, promoting energy efficiency becomes a very important strategy to reduce the greenhouse gas. Energy productivity, the most often method we use to measure energy efficiency, will change depend on real GDP could not be an appropriate measurement. Otherwise, like stochastic frontier and DEA method, energy productivity could only measure the overall efficiency but could not measure the efficiency of individual energy use.

In the thesis, we set up the energy efficiency indicator both on production and cost side, and called “loss of energy use by unit.” This indicator not only could measure the efficiency of individual energy use but also could apply in firm’s comparison. In addition, loss of energy use by unit could measure all kinds of study level no matter micro or macro level. Besides, we take emission standard and carbon tax into account and discussed how these policy effect energy efficiency. Furthermore, this thesis uses OLS, 2SLS, and stochastic production frontier function (STF) to do the empirical study. We found that energy productivity estimated by STF method was closer to actual situation of energy use.

Keywords: energy efficiency, emission standard, carbon tax, stochastic production frontier function

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