運用Buyer-Seller浮水印協定生物認證技術及Java Card行動商務機制改進cIDf提出的架構

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研究生：	王宏達 Hon-Da Wang
論文名稱：	運用Buyer-Seller浮水印協定生物認證技術及Java Card行動商務機制改進cIDf提出的架構 Use Buyer-Seller Watermark Protocol, Biometric Verification and Java Card Mobile-Commerce Payment System to Improve the cIDf Reference Model
指導教授：	許文星教授 Prof. Wen-Hsing Hsu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2004
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	121
中文關鍵詞：	浮水印協定、生物認證技術、行動商務機制
外文關鍵詞：	Buyer-Seller Watermark Protocol, Biometric Verification, Content ID Forum
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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近年來，因為通訊和網路的發達，使得數位訊息的如同影像、音樂、電影或是其他型態的數位內容在數位世界的傳播更為方便，也造就了數位內容交易的龐大商機。雖然通訊的發達為數位內容的傳播或交易帶來許多的便利，但相對的也產生許多的問題，其中最為重要的就是數位內容的智慧財產權保護的問題和交易的安全性的問題。以數位內容的保護來說，當一件商品被轉換為數位的型式之後，就很容易被隨意的複製，而降低商品的價值。另一方面，如何確保網路上交易安全性，讓交易雙方都能放心的交易數位內容，也是數位世界要蓬勃發展的關鍵因素。
數位世界的骨幹如果是硬體，那數位世界的血脈就是數位內容，沒有數位內容的硬體是沒有存在的價值的。要數位內容的交易能蓬勃發展，首先就必須先要確保數位內容的價值，亦即建立保護數位內容智慧財產權的觀念和方法，使得數位內容不會被隨意的更改或複製。以前大家並沒有建立起智慧財產權的觀念，導致數位內容被隨意的複製、修改、傳送而導致數位內容所有人的損失，降低了提供數位內容的意願，因此數位世界的發展就受到了阻礙。
經過政府大力的宣導，不但智慧財產權的觀念已經逐漸成形，而且在數位內容上加入有關所有人的資訊來保護所有人的智慧財產權也漸漸為大家所接受。
內容身份(Content ID)是一個用來保護數位內容智慧財產權很好的方法，它可以提供一個在數位世界理唯一的身份證明給數位內容，內容身份不但可以對非法使用數位內容的使用者產生威脅，而且可以提供關於數位內容所有人的相關資訊，讓使用者可以輕易要求數位內容的授權。
討論數位內容身份的組織有很多，內容身份討論會(Content ID forum) 是由Dr. Hiroshi Yasuda博士在東京大學提出的，這個討論會的主要目的是為促進內容身份的商業行為，並且和其他的組織合作提出一套全球通用的標準，他提出了許多參考的數位內容交易模組和後期資料(metadata)的設定，希望能為數位內容的交易定下標準。
數位內容交易要發展，除了數位內容價值的保護之外，另一個重點就是交易的安全性。傳統的交易方式是買賣雙方面對面的交易，一手交錢一手交貨，但在現今的網路交易，買賣雙方不會實際面對面而是透過虛擬的網路進行交易，因此如何確保交易的安全性是很大的難題。
有鑑於此，我們運用買方-賣方的浮水印協定和生物認證技術系統及Java Card之消費者導向行動商務付款系統結合cIDf所提出的架構，來架構了一個能保護數位內容所有人智慧財產權且安全有效率的數位內容交易模組。

In recent years, due to rapid development of the network and communication technologies, the digital content (image, video, music or film) transaction is becoming faster and more convenient so that a huge market for digital content transaction is created. Although the developing communication technologies bring many conveniences, they also introduce two important problems for digital content transaction. The first problem is how to protect intellectual property rights of digital content and the second is how to protect the security of digital content transaction. The first problem derives from when the valued content is transferred to digital form, it can be easily duplicated and freely redistributed without any degradation. These unauthorized transfers of digital content will lead to the economical loss of rights holder. On the other hand, how to ensure digital content transaction is secure and protected so that merchant and purchaser can transact digital content without worrying about is the key point for vigorous development of digital content transaction.
If hardware is the bone of digital world, then digital content is its blood. The first thing for developing digital content transaction is to protect the value of digital content and hence ensure its intellectual property rights. These can prevent the digital content from duplicating and redistributing by illegal user.
Since the government to publicize the importance of intellectual property rights, the concept of embedding an identifier in digital content has gradually become accepted. Content ID is a new idea for protect intellectual property rights, in order to achieve safe distribution of digital content requirement that content should be persistently associated with unique identifiers (Ids). With the persistent association of Ids with digital content, Content ID can be used to prevent copy. Content ID can guarantee digital content identification over the world, thus can provide protection to intellectual property rights. The Content ID can help to reduce the concern that rights owners distribute their digital content over the digital environment that can foster a new type commerce-“digital content commerce”.
Now day, have many organization discuss with Content ID. The cIDf (Content ID Forum) was established by Professor Dr. Hiroshi Yasuda at the University of Tokyo for the purpose of providing guard for copyright management. The main object of this forum is to standardize the “Content ID,” which is a set of well-defined metadata including a unique code embedded in each digital content for the purpose of copyright verification.
The digital content transaction not only have rights problem but also have security problem. In the digital transaction environment (as internet), merchant and purchaser may not see each other, and never exchange any digital content hand by hand. For this reason, how to identifying and exchanging digital content in the digital environment become more important.
For above reason, we hope to provide a digital content transaction system that can protect intellectual property rights and ensure secure digital content transaction. In this thesis, we improved Content ID Forum (cIDf) reference model by combined the Buyer-Seller watermark protocol, biometric verification and Java Card Mobile-Commerce Payment System with cIDf reference model.

Chapter 1  Introduction    1
1    Motivation    1
2    Benefits of Content ID    5
2.1    Efficient Charging and Royalty Allocation    5
2.2    Efficient Watching of Unscrupulous Use    5
2.3    Efficient Collection of Mart Information    6
2.4    Promote to Originality    6
2.5    Assertion of Origination    6
2.6    Introduction of the Concept of Individuality to Digital Content    6
3    Objective    7
3.1    Protection Intellectual Property Rights    7
3.2    Identification Verification    7
3.3    Anonymity    8
3.4    Confidentiality    8
3.5    Convenience    8
3.6    Integrity    9
3.7    Non-Repudiation    9
4    Thesis Organization    9
Chapter 2  Content ID Forum    10
1    Introduction    10
1.1    Background    10
1.2    Scope of the Content ID Forum    11
2    Function Analysis    11
2.1    High Level View    12
2.1.1    Perceived Problems    12
2.1.2    The Principles of cIDf    12
2.1.3    The Scope of Rights Targeted by cIDf    13
2.2    Reference Model    13
2.2.1    Definitions of Terms    13
2.2.2    Reference Model    16
2.2.3    Case Studies    17
2.2.4    Security of Digital Content    21
2.3    Function Requirements    21
2.3.1    Rights Owner Requirements    21
2.3.2    Editor/Arranger Requirements    21
2.3.3    Aggregator/Distributor Requirements    21
2.3.4    Consumer Requirements    22
3    The Technology to Implement the Practical Use of Content ID    22
3.1    Overview of Processing to Issue Content ID    22
3.2    Distributed Content Descriptor    23
3.2.1    DCD Attributes    23
3.2.2    Functions of DCD    23
3.2.3    Alternative Models for Associating the DCD to Content    24
3.2.4    DCD Functions    24
3.2.5    DCD Expression Models    25
3.3    Digital Watermarking    27
3.3.1    Strategy for Using Watermarks    27
3.3.2    Watermarking Methods    27
3.3.3    Meta-Watermarking    28
3.4    The Content ID Issuing Center(CIC) and the IPR Database(IPR-DB)    28
3.4.1    The Functions of the Content ID Issuing Center    28
3.4.2    Consumer Acquiring the Digital Content From an Aggregator/Distributor    32
3.4.3    Consumer Requesting the Identification of the Metadata Contained in the Watermark    32
3.4.4    Protocol    33
3.4.5    The Content ID Management Center and the IPR-DB    33
3.5    Detection of Illegal Use    33
3.5.1    Types of Illegal Acts and Detection Mechanisms    34
3.5.2    Detection of illegal acts using “Netwatcher” technologies    34
4    cIDf Metadata    35
4.1    cIDf Metadata Sets    35
4.2    cIDf Metadata Expression    36
4.2.1    Essential Attributes    36
4.2.2    Notation Format    37
4.2.3    Data Transfer Interface    37
5    cIDf Registration Authorities and cIDf Identifier Resolution    37
5.1    Definition of Terms    37
5.2    The Relationship between the Registration Authority and the Content ID Management Center (CIC)    38
5.2.1    Role and Operations of the Registration Authority    38
5.2.2    The Function of Registration Agencies    40
5.3    cIDf Resolution    41
5.3.1    What is cIDf Resolution?    41
5.3.2    The Relationship between cIDf and Handle    42
5.3.3    Handle System Management    42
5.3.4    Issuing of Handles    42
5.3.5    The Resolution Process    43
5.4    The CIDCMN/Handle Identifier Relationship    43
5.4.1    Handle Syntax    44
5.4.2    Handle Metadata for the cIDf Specification    44
5.5    Resolution Server System Architecture    44
Chapter 3  Related Techniques    46
1    E-Commerce and Smart Card Technique    47
1.1    E-Commerce Models    47
1.2    E-Commerce Payment Systems    47
1.2.1    Credit Card Payment System    47
1.2.2    Electronic Cash Payment System    49
1.2.3    Micropayment System    50
1.2.4    Electronic Check Payment System    51
1.3    Smart Card Technique    51
2    A Java Card based Consumer-Oriented Mobile-Commerce Payment System    54
2.1    Overview    54
2.2    Definition    55
2.3    Architecture    57
2.4    Transaction Procedure    58
2.5    Contents of Database    60
3    A Buyer–Seller Watermarking Protocol    60
3.1    Insertion Operation    61
3.2    Watermark Generation Protocol    62
3.3    Watermark Insertion Protocol    63
3.4    Copyright Violator Identification Protocol    64
3.5    Dispute Resolution Protocol    64
4    Biometric Authentication System    65
Chapter 4  Proposed System    68
1    Conception and Glossary    68
1.1    The Conception of Our System    68
1.2    Glossary and Symbols Used in Our System    69
2    System Servers    77
2.1    cIDf Domain    78
2.2    Smart Card Payment Domain    83
2.3    Biometric Authentication Domain    85
3    Flowchart of Our system    88
3.1    Preparation class    89
3.1.1    Register Phase    89
3.1.2    Application Phase    90
3.2    Content Transaction Class    92
3.2.1    Rights transaction phase    92
3.2.2    Authentication Phase    93
3.2.3    Payment Phase    98
3.2.4    Content Transfer Phase    100
3.3    Retrieval Class    103
Metadata Retrieval Phase    103
4    System Characteristics    107
   Disputation Deterrence:    108
   Non-Repudiation:    108
   Effectively Retrieval Metadata:    108
   Biometric Verification:    108
   More General Assumption:    109
   Anonymity and Privacy:    109
   Confidentiality Communication Channel:    109
   User Convenience:    109
   User Identity Confirmation (support mutual authentication and Public-Key Infrastructural X.509 certificate)    110
   Secure Storage Media:    110
   Watermark Techniques and Cryptosystem:    110
5    System Analysis    112
   Digital Content    112
   User    112
   Client    113
   Aggregator/Distributor    114
   Bank    114
   Content ID Issuing Center    115
   Biometric Watermark Secure Server    115
   Watermark Management Center    115
   System Limitation    116
Chapter 5  Conclusions    117
Bibliography    119

                                

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