中小企業的國際化一直是個重要的問題，傳統在解釋國際化擴張大部分是以先進國家或大型企業為研究對象而提出的理論，然而多數以先進國家為研究對象的理論是沒辦法解釋新興國家傳統中小企業國際擴張的現象。近年來就新興經濟體中小企業的國際化發展，連結-槓桿-學習模型算是比較有影響力的理論，但此架構主要聚焦在資源面，而大多數的中小企業資源是極為缺乏的，中小企業如何克服資源缺乏的問題，尤其是，當一家新興經濟體傳統中小企業同時前往不同國家地區，在多元環境下進行海外直接投資，對其而言是很重要的挑戰。換言之，中小企業在進行國際擴張時，有需要進一步思考制度對企業應用連結、槓桿運用及學習的影響。據此，本研究加入制度理論觀點，用以探討新興經濟體傳統中小企業如何運用在地的優勢或連結，進而在面對不同制度環境的變動時，扭轉經營頹勢。在案例分析上，本研究選擇探討台灣的喬福企業，在多元的海外投資環境，於既有制度系統的制約下，如何有效連結與槓桿運用家族、產業、國際化等制度資源，進而學習先進國家的經驗而追求全球化的成長。

Internationalization is an important challenge facing by the small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Traditionally, this business challenge is explained mainly from the perspective of developed countries and multinationals, with less attention paid to latecomer economies where small and medium enterprises are prevalent. With this concern in mind, the linkage–leverage–learning (LLL) framework is increasingly recognized as an effective framework to add to the current literature of internationalization pursued by later economies and business. Important though, the LLL framework is predominantly resource-based, and take less account the institutional elements common to the latecomers and Asian businesses on which this study focuses. This account is particularly important for Asia small firms pursuing international activities in the plural contexts capable for affording agency to innovation and change. Aiming to add to the LLL framework, this study incorporates the institutional theory perspective to explore how SMEs leverage local advantages or linkages to venture into the global contexts. Using the case study approach, it analyzes how Chiao Fu, a Taiwan-based enterprise, manages to leverage its institutional linkages and networks to learn to overcome resource limitations and achieve internationalization in an environment characterized by plural elements and connections.

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