適用於穿戴式應用之可調式整合生理訊號感測系統設計與實作

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研究生：	王君華 Wang, Chun Hua
論文名稱：	適用於穿戴式應用之可調式整合生理訊號感測系統設計與實作 Design and Implementation of Low-Energy Configurable Integrated Physiological Sensing System for Wearable Applications
指導教授：	馬席彬 Ma, Hsi Pin
口試委員:	楊家驤黃元豪
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2015
畢業學年度：	104
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	64
中文關鍵詞：	穿戴式、生理訊號、低功耗、感測系統、系統整合
外文關鍵詞：	wearable, physiological signals, low power, sensing system, system integration
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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近年來，穿戴式感測裝置為一市場趨勢，由mHealth系統發展的裝置是使用感測器蒐集生理訊號並且利用移動式通訊系統達到醫護方面的應用。而穿戴式的設計讓整個系統在無論何時、何地都可以方便地使用。
低功率消耗是此類系統的一個關鍵議題。因此本篇論文提出了一個應用於穿戴式感測裝置的低功耗且可調式系統設計，並且此系統整合了四種感測器：心電訊號（Electrocardiography，ECG）、腦電訊號（Electroencephalography，EEG）、肌電訊號（Electromyography，EMG）以及用於動作追蹤（motion tracking）的九軸感測器。此系統是以微控制器為主要架構並且利用藍牙低功耗（Bluetooth Low Energy，BLE）的技術來達到無線傳輸。
透過序列周邊介面（serial-peripheral-interface，SPI），微處理器可以存取經由類比數位轉換器（analog-to-digital converters，ADCs）所取樣到的生理訊號，並且利用建置於微處理器的藍牙協議（Bluetooth stack）控制一藍牙控制器（Bluetooth controller），將取樣到的生理訊號無線傳輸至智慧型手機。我們開發了一個智慧型手機軟體可以同步處理接收到的生理訊號並且顯示、儲存在手機上。
我們設計的穿戴式系統運作時的耗能為27.69毫瓦，而手機端的軟體程式在背景接收資料時，僅佔用了5%的CPU資源。

Wearable sensing device is popular in recent years. It's a development of the mHealth system. The mHealth system is based on the mobile communication systems for collecting physiology signals. As a wearable design, it can be portable at anywhere and anytime.
Low-energy consumption is a critical issue for such system. In this thesis, a low-energy configurable physiological sensing system for wearable application is proposed. We have also integrated four types of sensors in our system including measuring Electrocardiography (ECG), Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG) and a nine-axis sensor for motion tracking. The system is microcontroller-based (MCU-based) and features Bluetooth Low Energy technology for wireless transmission. The physiological signals are sampled by analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) in a specified sampling rate and accessed by MCU via serial-peripheral-interface (SPI). A Bluetooth stack by BlueKitchen is built in MCU and used to control a Bluetooth controller for sending the sampled data to a smartphone wirelessly. We've developed an application on the smartphone to display and store the data in real-time.
The wearable sensory node is only cost 27.69 mW as the power consumption. And the smartphone application uses only 5$\%$ CPU resource when receiving data in the background process.

Abstract i
Introduction 1
1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Main Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Characteristics of Physiological Signals and Wireless Transmission Interface 5
1 Introduction to the Physiological Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.1 Electrocardiography (ECG) [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 Electroencephalography (EEG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Electromyography (EMG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Motion Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Digitized Physiological Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 Wireless Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.1 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Proposed Configurable Integrated Physiological Sensing System 21
1 System Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.1 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.2 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 Sensory Front End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2 EEG and EMG Front-End Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.3 ADS1292R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4 MPU-9250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.5 Four-Wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3 Control End . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1 Embedded System Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.2 Firmware Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4 The Smartphone APP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.1 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2 Functional Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.3 Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Implementation Results 47
1 Experimental Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2 Power Consumption of Sensory Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3 CPU Usage of the smartphone APP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4 SPI Implementation Result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5 Analysis of Received Physiology Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.1 ECG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.2 EEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.3 EMG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.4 Nine-Axis Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6 Implementation of Sensory Node: the Mini ECG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.1 Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.2 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Conclusions and Future Works 59
1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
                                

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