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| 研究生： |
陳伊琳 Chen, Yi-Lin |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
非人類戰鬥員之國際人道法問題 ：以軍用犬與自主性人工智慧武器為中心 Non-human Combatants under International Humanitarian Law：Focusing on Military Working Dogs and Autonomous Weapon Systems |
| 指導教授： |
黃居正
Huang, Chu-Cheng |
| 口試委員: |
黃昭元
Hwang, Jau-Yuan 廖福特 Liao, Fu-Te |
| 學位類別： |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱： |
科技管理學院 - 科技法律研究所 Institute of Law for Science and Technology |
| 論文出版年： | 2023 |
| 畢業學年度： | 111 |
| 語文別： | 中文 |
| 論文頁數： | 216 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 非人類戰鬥員 、軍用犬 、自主性人工智慧武器 、國際人道法 、責任歸屬空缺 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | Non-human Combatants, Autonomous Weapon Systems, Military Working Dogs, International Humanitarian Law, Accountability gap |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：1 下載：0 |
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有鑒於人工智慧技術的革新，使自主性人工智慧武器已具備在無需人類干預的情況下，仍得自主選擇交戰目標與進行攻擊的自主性能力，猶如戰鬥人員。然而，由於機器學習及深度學習等人工智慧技術的應用，人類操作員並無從得知自主性人工智慧武器執行軍事行動之判准依據。故過去對於武器之合法性審查歷程，是否仍足以確保自主性人工智慧武器在戰場中之行動，得落實國際人道法，即有疑義。再者，倘自主性人工智慧武器在戰場中，本於其自主性特徵進行違法軍事行動，則該軍事行動之責任承擔對象將難以釐清。
反觀自古至今持續被派上戰場，進行攻擊、警戒、防禦及後勤支援等軍事行動之軍用犬，同樣面臨上述問題。軍用犬與自主性人工智慧武器皆具備自主性特徵，其行動因而具不可預測性，故當軍用犬基於其自主性特徵作出違法行動時，亦將產生合法性爭議及責任歸屬問題。惟各國多已為軍用犬團隊制定監督與管理規範，使軍事人員在戰場中對軍用犬保持控制，從而使軍用犬在部署後之行動得達至一定程度之可預測性標準。
據此，本文欲透過分析軍用犬在適用國際人道法時所遭遇之問題後，進一步檢視軍用犬之監督與管理制度，並將之與自主性人工智慧武器進行類推與比較分析，探尋得使自主性人工智慧武器落實國際人道法，且得避免人類操作員成為替罪者之規範路徑。
Artificial Intelligence development has been steadily expanding in the last decade, including in the areas of weaponry. One of the most prominent examples is the development of autonomous weapons systems. These systems are capable of selecting and applying force to targets without any human intervention. However, the unpredictability of these systems poses a challenge for human operators in ensuring that they operate within the norms of International Humanitarian Law.
On the other hand, military working dogs have been deployed for centuries to carry out a range of operations on the battlefield. They face similar challenges as autonomous weapons system because of their autonomy. Nevertheless, several countries have already established regulations for the supervision and management of military working dog teams. These regulations are intended to maintain control over the actions of these teams and ensure compliance with international humanitarian law.
Accordingly, this article aims to analyze the problems encountered in the application of international humanitarian law and review the supervision and management system for military dogs. By drawing an analogy and making a comparison with autonomous weapons systems, we can gain insights into how regulations can be established to ensure that autonomous weapons systems are used in a manner that is consistent with international humanitarian law. Moreover, this comparison can also prevent scapegoating those who had no control over the design, programming, or even deployment of an autonomous weapons systems, but simply operate the systems on the battlefield.
一、中文文獻
1. 專書
劉靜怡、顏厥安、吳從周、李榮耕、邱文聰、沈宗倫、黃居正（2020），〈人工智慧相關法律議題芻議〉，三版，臺北：元照。
黃居正（2016），《判例國際公法II》，新學林。
黃國昌（2012），《程序法學的實證研究》，初版，元照出版公司。
彭明敏（1962），《平時戰時國際公法》，增訂新版，臺北市：自版。
2. 碩士論文
廖桂瑩（2022），《人工智慧與戰爭法－交戰規則與國際人道法對AI武器規範之研究》，國立清華大學科技法律研究所碩士論文。
鄭力元（2021），《無人飛行載具用於目標狙殺之研究－以武裝衝突法為核心》，國防大學管理學院法律學系碩士論文。
洪誠甫（2020），《武裝衝突法視角下自主性武器使用應有之規範》，國防大學管理學院法律學系碩士論文。
陳婉榕（2019），《政府部門執勤犬之法制研究》，國立台灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。
李鈺翔（2018），《從國際法論人工智能軍事武器之發展與挑戰》，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士論文。
3. 期刊論文
楊安政、陳南佑、李玫頡、陳冠朋（2022），〈人工智慧為應用科學帶來的改變〉，《物理雙月刊》，第44卷2期。
林昕璇（2021），〈AI自主性武器系統在國際法上適用之研析〉，《軍事專刊》，67卷4期。
錢尹鑫（2021），〈海軍無人艦艇在防衛作戰之戰略運用與發展趨勢〉，《海軍學術雙月刊，55卷4期。
曾祥穎（2020），〈人工智慧（AI）對未來戰爭之影響〉，《陸軍學術雙月刊》，56卷572期。
鍾心豪（2020），〈軍事武器人工智慧（AI）化對戰爭倫理影響之研究《陸軍學術雙月刊》，56卷572期。
王鵬翔、張永健（2019），〈論經濟分析在法學方法之運用〉，《臺大法學論叢》，第48卷第3期。
林韋仲、廖宗勝（2019），〈致命自主性武器發展之國際法管制〉，《台灣國際法學刊》，15卷2期。
陳建源（2018），〈人工智慧AI無人艦艇軍事倫理問題初探〉，《海軍學術雙月刊，52卷4期。
田力品（2013），〈國際人道法對武器使用之限制〉，《軍法專刊》，59卷3期。
4. 網路資料
動物保護資訊網，109年度現役執勤犬清冊，https://animal.coa.gov.tw/public/upload/Know_ListFile/2104301028012752971FXVY.pdf （最後瀏覽日期：2022/2/27）。
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二、外文文獻
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2. Articles
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