隨著一九九五年一月一日國際貿易組織(World Trade Organization, WTO)的正式成立，國際貿易走向開放市場的路越來越明確。在必需遵守協定排除各項貿易障礙下，經濟體將當面臨衝擊而進行轉型。尤其是農業部門所面臨的挑戰將會更大，因為除了屬於原本被採取較多保護政策的部門外，在生產上所受到的限制相對而言是較大的，尤其是天然資源上的因素，較其他產業來得多，因此面對衝擊時所反應出的調整需要更長的時間。
本文主要的研究方法將建立在Dewatripont and Roland (1992)的兩部門模型基礎上，建構有關WTO限制下農業制度改革的模型，解決在開放後勞工轉換部門或停留在開放後農業部門裡產業調整的過程中，所面臨到的生產力的調整及增加或減損的問題。別於他人對加入WTO後的變化做實證或數據上的模擬分析，本文的研究途徑是將轉型經濟學的理論工具延伸至政府管制的研究，探討加入WTO開放市場的步驟問題，以「全面開放」和「漸進開放」的不同步驟做探討與比較分析。研究結果發現「漸進開放」在給予階段性的利益或損害時，政府若能藉此搭配適當的配套措施，可使其成為優勢策略。

According to the World Trade Organization be established on January 1st, 1995, international trade goes toward the goal of market-oriented trading system clearly. Economies which enter the WTO, will face the shock of transforming themselves according to the agreements. The agricultural sector will face more challenge especially because it was generally protected by government before entering WTO ,and had more difficulties in transition. than other industries. Therefore, the agricultural sector would need more time to adjust while entering WTO.
This thesis follows Dewatripont and Roland (1992) and applies the model to the reform in the agriculture under WTO. The model discusses the issue of adjustment ,and especially whether labors productivity increases or decreases in the agricultural sector after WTO. The contribution of this thesis is to apply the transition economics approach to discuss the government’s regulation and the policy of market access steps including “Full market access” and “Gradual market access”. We identify the condition on which “Gradual market access” will be better than “Full market access” ,and the necessary complementary policies the government should implement.

黃立, 李貴英, 林彩瑜,WTO國際貿易法論(2002年修定版),元照出版社。

楊明憲, 陳吉仲(2004),各種關稅調降方式對我國農業部門衝擊之模擬分析。

蔡廷槐（2003） 南台灣進入WTO後農園特產品-熱帶水果經營轉型因應策略實證分析-以高雄縣為例, <<國立中山大學公共事務研究所在職專班論文>>。

林時機,謝慶輝,黃勤鎮,郭石吉,廖健男,李友吉,趙昌平,檢視我國加入WTO後,政府對農業總體因應對策之績效專案調查研究報告(2004年4月初版), 監查院編印。

經濟部國貿局，我國WTO入會相關文件彙編(2001年)。

台灣WTO農業研究中心http://www.arcwto.org.tw/front-logo.asp

行政院農委會http://bulletin.coa.gov.tw/show_index.php
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/comp_e/comp_e.htm

Bertocchi Graziella, Spagat Michael, “Structural uncertainty and subsidy removal for economies in transition”, European Economic Review 41(1997), 1709-1733.

Dewatripont Mathias, Roland Gerard,” The Virtues of Gradualism and Legitimacy in the Transition to a Market Economy”, The Economic Journal,Vol. 102, No. 441(Mar., 1992), 291-300.
Dewatripont Mathias, Roland Gerard, “The Design of Reform Packages under Uncertainty”, The American Economic Review, Vol. 85, No.5(Dec 1995), 1207-1223.

Fleck Robert K., “When Should Market-Supporting Institutions Be Established?”, The Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, Vol. 16, No. 1(2000), 129-153.

Karp Larry, Paul Thierry, “Labor adjustment and gradual reform: when is commitment important?”, Journal of International Economics 46(1998), 333-362.

Lau Lawrence J., Qian Yingyi and Roland G. , “Reform without Losers: An Interpretation of China’s Dual-Track Approach to transition.”, Journal of Political Economics,Vol. 108(1),2001, 120-143.

van der Mensbrugghe Dominique, Beghin John C., “Global Agricultural reform: What is at stake?”, Staff General Research Paper No.12230(2005) Ch7, 115-137, Iowa State Univ. 2005.

WEI SHANG-JIN, “Gradualism versus big bang: speed and sustainability of reforms”, Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol.30( Apr. 1997), 1234-47.