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研究生： 吳立偉
論文名稱： FePdIn鐵磁性形狀記憶合金之研究
指導教授： 胡塵滌
Chen-Ti Hu
口試委員:
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學工程學系
Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2008
畢業學年度： 96
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 102
中文關鍵詞： FePdIn 、鐵磁性形狀記憶合金
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    • 傳統的形狀記憶合金可以透過升降溫來改變其形狀，其缺點為升降溫的速率及熱傳受到限制；鐵磁性形狀記憶合金具有形狀記憶效應及巨磁伸縮特性，反應速度較傳統形狀記憶合金快，可在高頻下應用，鐵鈀合金相較於其他鐵磁性形狀記憶合金，同時兼具高相變化溫度、高延展性及高磁伸縮值，但在實際應用上仍需以提高相變化溫度且抑制非熱彈性bct相生成。本實驗主要是以In取代鐵鈀合金系統中的Pd元素，來探討其相變化溫度及抑制bct相生成的差異。研究中發現添加第三元素In對鐵鈀合金系統相變化溫度提升，但卻使磁伸縮下降。本實驗也將添加各種不同第三元素對相變化溫度作整理，以利於鐵磁性形狀記憶合金在高頻的應用。

    緒論與文獻回顧 1-1 前言………………………………………………………………1 1-2 鐵磁性形狀記憶合金導論………………………………………2 1-2-1 形狀記憶效應………………………………………….3 1-2-2 磁伸縮………………………………………………….5 1-2-3 鐵磁性形狀記憶效應………………………………….6 1-2-4 鐵磁形狀記憶合金的應用……………………………9 1-3 鐵鈀形狀記憶合金文獻回顧……………………………………10 1-3-1 鐵鈀製成文獻回顧……………………………………10 1-3-2 鐵鈀形狀記憶合金相變化文獻回顧…………………11 1-3-3 形狀記憶效應…………………………………………14 1-3-4 磁性質與磁伸縮(鐵磁形狀記憶效應) ………………16 1-3-5 添加第三類元素的文獻回顧…………………………18 1-4 研究目的 ………………………………………………………19 第二章 實驗步驟及方法……………………………………………36 2-1 合金鑄錠準備 …………………………………………………36 2-2 快速凝固旋淬法(melt-spinning)………………………………37 2-3 成分分析 ………………………………………………………37 2-4 結構分析及觀察 ………………………………………………38 2-4-1 室溫X-ray繞射分析…………………………………38 2-4-2 變溫X-ray繞射分析…………………………………38 2-4-3 OM顯微結構觀察……………………………………39 2-5 磁性質量測 ……………………………………………………39 2-6 磁伸縮量測 ……………………………………………………40 2-7 形狀記憶效應測試 ……………………………………………40 2-8 形狀記憶效應(SME)量測分析 ………………………………41 2-9 儀器與測量原理 ………………………………………………42 2-9-1 應變規 ………………………………………………42 2-9-2 振動樣品磁量儀(VSM) ……………………………44 第三章 結果與討論…………………………………………………52 3-1 各試片代號簡介 ………………………………………………52 3-2 試片基本性質研究 ……………………………………………52 3-2-1 ICP-AES 成分定量分析………………………………52 3-2-2 室溫薄帶X-ray繞射 …………………………………53 3-2-3 OM微結構觀察 ………………………………………55 3-2-4 磁性質量測……………………………………………56 3-3 相變化溫度研究 ………………………………………………59 3-3-1 變溫X-ray繞射分析 …………………………………59 3-3-2 添加第三元素對相變化溫度整理……………………60 3-3-3 SQUID相變化溫度量測研究…………………………62 3-4 磁伸縮研究 ……………………………………………………64 3-5 形狀記憶效應之研究 …………………………………………65 3-6 FePdIn薄帶試片與文獻[65]之比較研究………………………67 第四章 結論…………………………………………………………91 第五章 參考文獻……………………………………………………92 表 目 錄 表1-1 常見鐵磁性形狀記憶合金性質之比較……………………21 表3-1 試片代號……………………………………………………69 表3-2 ICP-AES結果列表…………………………………………70 表3-3 As-Af Ms-Mf相變化溫度結果……………………………70 圖 目 錄 圖1-1 形狀記憶合金之形狀記憶效應示意圖………………………22 圖1-2 CuAlNi 合金熱彈性型麻田散體經冷卻、加熱所致的成長、 收縮之光學顯微鏡照片………………………………………23 圖1-3 記憶方式之示意圖……………………………………………23 圖1-4 磁伸縮現象的物理起源示意圖………………………………24 圖1-5 磁化機制與磁伸縮的示意圖…………………………………25 圖1-6 三種不同狀態下之磁伸縮關係………………………………26 圖1-7 磁晶體異相性能影響磁偶矩反轉示意圖……………………26 圖1-8 鐵磁形狀記憶效應示意圖(H1<H2) …………………………27 圖1-9 傳統磁伸縮效應與鐵磁形狀記憶效應的比較………………27 圖1-10 滾壓試片和薄帶試片之比較(a)熱滾壓試片(b)薄帶試片 …28 圖1-11 Fe-Pd 合金淬火後的相圖……………………………………28 圖1-12 Fe-Pd合金晶格常數與溫度的關係 …………………………29 圖1-13 光學顯微鏡觀察Fe-Pd合金的FCT麻田散體相……………29 圖1-14 穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察Fe-Pd合金FCT麻田散體相的內部雙 晶結構…………………………………………………………30 圖1-15 晶格變形後對應的三種不同方位的兄弟晶…………………30 圖1-16 Fe-Pd合金的麻田散體結構示意圖 …………………………31 圖1-17 BCT麻田散體出現於FCT麻田散體的微結構………………31 圖1-18 快速凝固法製成示意圖………………………………………32 圖1-19 Fe-29.6at.%Pd合金形狀記憶效應隨溫度的變化……………32 圖1-20 Fe-Pd單晶在不同方向的磁化曲線 …………………………33 圖1-21 Fe-30.5%Pd在2℃(a)無外加磁場下有麻田散相(b)外加 8x105A/m(1T)磁場後有些麻田散相消失……………………33 圖1-22 磁晶體異相性(MCA)隨著改變Fe70Pd30-xPtx中x的量有關 34 圖1-23 Pd-In-Fe三元相圖……………………………………………34 圖1-24 Pd56.2In26.3Fe17.5用SQUID量測(a)熱磁化曲線(b)磁滯曲線…34 圖1-25 單晶PdInFe17.8(a)壓縮應力-應變圖(b)三點彎曲表面應力-應變圖(c)拉伸應力方向(d)壓縮應力方向……………………35 圖2-1 實驗流程簡介…………………………………………………46 圖2-2 真空電弧熔煉系統裝置示意圖………………………………47 圖2-3 單輪熔液旋淬裝置分布圖……………………………………47 圖2-4 低溫XRD分析用冷卻示意圖 ………………………………48 圖2-5 形狀記憶效應量測方法示意圖………………………………48 圖2-6 金屬導線受拉力後彈性應變圖………………………………49 圖2-7 應變規主要構造圖……………………………………………49 圖2-8 惠斯登電橋電路示意圖………………………………………49 圖2-9 應變規連接電橋盒之電路示意………………………………50 圖2-10 VSM示意圖……………………………………………………51 圖3-2-1 In0.25 室溫X-ray繞射圖……………………………………71 圖3-2-2 In0.5 室溫X-ray繞射圖…………………………………….71 圖3-2-3 In0.75 室溫X-ray繞射圖……………………………………72 圖3-2-4 In1 室溫X-ray繞射圖……………………………………72 圖3-2-5 In1.5 室溫X-ray繞射圖……………………………………73 圖3-2-6 In3 室溫X-ray繞射圖……………………………………73 圖3-2-7 FeIn1 室溫X-ray繞射圖……………………………………74 圖3-2-8 In0.25 之橫截面金相圖 ……………………………………75 圖3-2-9 In0.5 之橫截面金相圖 ……………………………………75 圖3-2-10 In0.75 之橫截面金相圖 ……………………………………75 圖3-2-11 In1 之橫截面金相圖 ……………………………………76 圖3-2-12 In1.5 之橫截面金相圖 ……………………………………76 圖3-2-13 In3 之橫截面金相圖 ……………………………………76 圖3-2-14 FePdIn 薄帶試片(In < 1%)室溫磁滯曲線…………………77 圖3-2-15 FePdIn 薄帶試片(In < 1%)室溫磁滯曲線放大圖…………77 圖3-2-16 FePdIn 薄帶試片(In > 1%)室溫磁滯曲線…………………78 圖3-2-17 FePdIn 薄帶試片(In > 1%)室溫磁滯曲線放大圖…………78 圖3-2-18 FeIn1 薄帶試片室溫磁滯曲線 ……………………………79 圖3-2-19 FeIn1 薄帶試片室溫磁滯曲線放大圖 ……………………79 圖3-3-1 In0.25 薄帶試片角度對溫度的關係圖………………………80 圖3-3-2 In0.5 薄帶試片角度對溫度的關係圖………………………80 圖3-3-3 In0.75 薄帶試片角度對溫度的關係圖………………………81 圖3-3-4 In1 薄帶試片角度對溫度的關係圖………………………81 圖3-3-5 FeIn1 薄帶試片角度對溫度的關係圖………………………82 圖3-3-6 In0.25薄帶試片變溫X-ray繞射圖(高於室溫) …………83 圖3-3-7 In0.25薄帶試片變溫X-ray繞射圖(低於室溫) …………83 圖3-3-8 In0.5薄帶試片變溫X-ray繞射圖(高於室溫) ……………84 圖3-3-9 In0.5薄帶試片變溫X-ray繞射圖(高於室溫) ……………84 圖3-3-10 In0.75薄帶試片變溫X-ray繞射圖………………………85 圖3-3-11 FePdIn薄帶試片SQUID量測結果…………………………85 圖3-3-12 Af溫度對價電子濃度關係圖………………………………86 圖3-4-1 FePdIn薄帶試片室溫平均飽和磁伸縮比較圖………………87 圖3-4-2 FeIn1薄帶試片室溫平均飽和磁伸縮比較圖 ………………87 圖3-5-1 In1薄帶試片自發雙向形狀記憶效應示意圖(a)233K(b)413K 圖3-5-2 In1 薄帶試片一次拘束雙向形狀記憶效應(a)233K-1st thermal cycle(b)413K-1st thermal cycle(c)233K-5th thermal cycle(d)413K-5th thermal cycle ……………………………89 圖3-5-3 FePdIn 薄帶試片雙向形狀記憶效應回復率比較圖………90 圖3-5-4 FeIn1 薄帶試片雙向形狀記憶效應回復率比較圖………90

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