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研究生： 林育正
論文名稱： Plantwide Control and Assessments of Flexible Operation of CO2 Capture System Using Monoethanolamine Scrubbing
二氧化碳捕捉製程之整廠控制 與彈性操作策略之評估
指導教授： 鄭西顯
口試委員: 汪上曉
張玨庭
陳誠亮
錢義隆
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2011
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 42
中文關鍵詞： 二氧化碳捕捉 、整廠控制 、彈性操作
相關次數： 點閱：3  下載：0 
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    • Over the past few decades, anthropogenic carbon emission has been recognized as an important contributing factor to global warming and climate change. Therefore, carbon dioxide capture, sequestration and utilization have become new focuses of chemical process technology research. Flue gas from coal-fired power plant is the main source of CO2 emission. In order to capture and separate CO2 effectively, several types of technologies have been developed. Among these methods, absorption/stripping CO2 capture system is considered the most feasible method to deal with existing power plants.
    In this thesis, plantwide control of CO2 capture plant was investigated using dynamic simulation. To stabilize system and maintain capture efficiency, the following control structure was proposed. In this scheme, CO2 removal target is guaranteed using the lean solvent feed rate to the top of the absorber column. In order to operate process with an appropriate lean solvent loading, the temperature at the bottom of stripper is controlled by reboiler duty. This control structure was tested by disturbances involving inlet flue gas flow, CO2 concentrations and H2O concentrations as well as changes in removal targets. Dynamic simulations showed that system can achieve removal targets, stabilize quickly while keeping optimum lean loading constant. To ensure minimum energy consumption, optimizing control can be carried out by adjusting the setpoint of reboiler temperature.
    For a CO2 capture plant integrated with power plant, about 20% penalty of electricity output is incurred. To meet electricity demand in peak load period, flexible operation decreasing CO2 capture rate can be implemented to increase power plant output. However, large variation of liquid and gas flow during flexible operation may cause fluctuations to packed columns. Operating strategies were proposed and testified through dynamic simulations. In varying lean solvent strategy, by delivering all flue gas to absorber, instability of absorber could be partly reduced. Capture rate is changed by varying lean solvent flow rate. Optimum lean solvent loading is guaranteed by controlling reboiler temperature. In varying lean loading strategy, capture rate is shifted by varying lean solvent loading so that lean solvent rate is unchanged. Stripper’s fluctuation can be avoided by recycling part of CO2 product vapor. Although in this strategy energy requirement for regeneration will slightly increase, operating stability is promised.

    1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objective 1 1.2 CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plant 1 1.3 CO2 capture plant by absorption/stripping using amine 3 1.4 Outline of thesis 4 2. PLANTWIDE CONTROL OF CO2 CAPTURE PLANT 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.1.1 Motivation 5 2.1.2 Objective 6 2.1.3 Simulation implementation 6 2.2 Process description and simulated case 7 2.2.1 Model development 7 2.1.2 Water balance of system 8 2.1.3 Simulated case 9 2.3 Dynamic simulation and control strategy 9 2.4 Results and discussions 12 2.4.1 Water makeup. 12 2.4.2 Disturbance in inlet flue gas 14 2.4.3 Flexible removal target. 17 2.4.4 Optimizing control. 19 2.5 Conclusion 20 3. CONTROL STRATEIES OF FLEXIBLE OPERATION 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.1.1 Motivation 21 3.1.2 Objective 21 3.2 System flexibility and flexible operation 22 3.2.1 Flexible operation to meet electricity demand 22 3.2.2 Strategies for flexible operation 23 3.3 Process description 25 3.3.1 Power plant 25 3.3.2 CO2 capture plant 27 3.3.3 Multi-stage compressor 27 3.3.4 Heat integration 28 3.4 Flexible operation strategies 29 3.4.1 Varying solvent flow rate strategy 31 3.4.2 Varying lean solvent loading strategy 31 3.5 dynamic simulation results and discussions 32 3.5.1 Results of varying lean solvent rate strategy 35 3.5.2 Results of varying lean solvent loading strategy 35 3.6 Conclusions 37 4. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 38 REFERENCES 39

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