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研究生: 李金華
Li, Chin-Hua
論文名稱: 臺灣淡水產臂尾輪蟲首科之分類學研究
A taxonomic study of freshwater rotifers, Brachionina in Taiwan
指導教授: 楊樹森
Young, Shuh-Sen
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱:
論文出版年: 2005
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 117
中文關鍵詞: 輪蟲臂尾輪蟲科鬚足輪蟲科
外文關鍵詞: rotifer, Brachionidae, Euchlanidae, Anuraeopsis, Brachionus, Dipleuchlanis, Euchlanis, Keratella, Notholca, Platyias, Schizocerca
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  • 自2004年1月至2005年8月之間,在台灣本島各式的水體中共採集了703個水樣,經過詳細鏡檢分類研究後,發現屬於Brachionina輪蟲2科8屬45種(包含變異種和型):1)臂尾輪蟲科(Brachionidae)有Anuraeopsis coelata coelata De Beauchamp, 1932、Anuraeopsis fissa fissa Gosse, 1851、Anuraeopsis fissa f. urawensis Sudzuki, 1957、Anuraeopsis navicula navicula Rousselet,1910、Brachionus angularis angularis Gosse, 1851、Brachionus angularis f . bidens Plate, 1886、Brachionus budapestinensis budapestinensis Daday, 1885、Brachionus budapestinensis f. lineatus Skorikov, 1896、Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766、Brachionus calyciflorus f. amphiceros Ehrenberg, 1838、Brachionus calyciflorus f. anuraeiformis Brehm, 1909、Brachionus calyciflorus f. dorcas Gosse, 1851、Brachionus caudatus f. apsteini Fadeew, 1925、Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898、Brachionus forficula forficula Wierzejski, 1891、Brachionus forficula f. angularis Sudzuki, 1955、Brachionus forficula f. minor Voronkov, 1913、Brachionus forficula f. reducta Grese, 1926、Brachionus kostei shiel, 1983、Brachionus plicatilis O. F. Müller, 1786、Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus Hermamn, 1783、Brachionus quadridentatus f. brevispinus Ehrenberg, 1832、Brachionus quadridentatus f. rhenanus Lauterborn, 1893、Brachionus quadridentatus f. cluniorbicularis Skorikov, 1894、Brachionus rubens Ehrenberg, 1838、Brachionus urceolaris f. nilsoni Ahlstrom, 1940、Brachionus sp. A、Dipleuchlanis propatula propatula (Gosse, 1886)、Dipleuchlanis propatula f. macrodactyla Hauer, 1965、Keratella cochlearis cochlearis (Gosse, 1851)、Keratella cochlearis var. macracantha (Lauterborn, 1898)、Keratella cochlearis var. micracantha (Lauterborn, 1898)、Keratella cochlearis var. tecta (Gosse, 1851)、Keratella procurva (Thorpe, 1891)、Keratella tropica tropica (Apstein, 1907)、Keratella valga valga (Ehrenberg, 1834)、Keratella valga var. tropica Apstein, 1907、Keratella valga var. tropica f. reductaFadeew, 1927、Notholca labis Gosse, 1887、Platyias quadricornis quadricornis (Ehrenberg, 1832)、Platyias patulus patulus (O.F. Müller, 1786)、Schizocerca diversicornis (Daday, 1883)四十二種;2)鬚足輪蟲科(Euchlanidae)有Euchlanis dilatata f. lucksiana Hauer, 1930、Euchlanis incisa incisa Carlin, 1939、Euchlanis triquetra Ehrenberg, 1838三種。所發現的種類之中有14種是屬於台灣新記錄種,分別為Anuraeopsis coelata coelata、Anuraeopsis fissa f. urawensis、Brachionus budapestinensis f. lineatus、Brachionus forficula f. reducta、Brachionus kostei、Brachionus quadridentatus f. rhenanus、Brachionus urceolaris f. nilsoni、Brachionus sp.A、Dipleuchlanis propatula f. macrodactyla、Keratella procurva、Keratella topica tropica、Euchlanis dilatata f. lucksiana、Euchlanis incisa incisa、Euchlanis triquetra。
    本研究所發現的45種的記錄中,屬於行浮游生活為主的有36種,底棲生活為主的有9種;屬於廣佈種的有31種,嗜暖種有13種,嗜寒種有1種,未發現台灣特有種。與中國大陸、日本、韓國、新、馬、印度周邊國家做一比較,物種組成的相似度高。


    There were 703 samples collected from various freshwater habitats in Taiwan Island from January 2004 to August 2005. After the detailed comparison of external morphology by microscopy was made, 45 species (include variation and form) of 8 genera in 2 families were identified. They are: (1) Family Brachionidae: Anuraeopsis coelata coelata De Beauchamp, 1932, Anuraeopsis fissa fissa Gosse, 1851, Anuraeopsis fissa f. urawensis Sudzuki, 1957, Anuraeopsis navicula navicula Rousselet,1910, Brachionus angularis angularis Gosse, 1851, Brachionus angularis f . bidens Plate, 1886, Brachionus budapestinensis budapestinensis Daday, 1885, Brachionus budapestinensis f. lineatus Skorikov, 1896, Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus Pallas, 1766, Brachionus calyciflorus f. amphiceros Ehrenberg, 1838, Brachionus calyciflorus f. anuraeiformis Brehm, 1909, Brachionus calyciflorus f. dorcas Gosse, 1851, Brachionus caudatus f. apsteini Fadeew, 1925, Brachionus falcatus Zacharias, 1898, Brachionus forficula forficula Wierzejski, 1891, Brachionus forficula f. angularis Sudzuki, 1955, Brachionus forficula f. minor Voronkov, 1913, Brachionus forficula f. reducta Grese, 1926, Brachionus kostei shiel, 1983, Brachionus plicatilis O. F. Müller, 1786, Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus Hermamn, 1783, Brachionus quadridentatus f. brevispinus Ehrenberg, 1832, Brachionus quadridentatus f. rhenanus Lauterborn, 1893, Brachionus quadridentatus f. cluniorbicularis Skorikov, 1894, Brachionus rubens Ehrenberg, 1838, Brachionus urceolaris f. nilsoni Ahlstrom, 1940、Brachionus sp. A、Dipleuchlanis propatula propatula (Gosse, 1886), Dipleuchlanis propatula f. macrodactyla Hauer, 1965, Keratella cochlearis cochlearis (Gosse, 1851), Keratella cochlearis var. macracantha (Lauterborn, 1898), Keratella cochlearis var. micracantha (Lauterborn, 1898), Keratella cochlearis var. tecta (Gosse, 1851), Keratella procurva (Thorpe, 1891), Keratella tropica tropica (Apstein, 1907), Keratella valga valga (Ehrenberg, 1834), Keratella valga var. tropica Apstein, 1907, Keratella valga var. tropica f. reductaFadeew, 1927, Notholca labis Gosse, 1887, Platyias quadricornis quadricornis (Ehrenberg, 1832), Platyias patulus patulus (O.F. Müller, 1786), Schizocerca diversicornis (Daday, 1883). (2) family Euchlanidae: Euchlanis dilatata f. lucksiana Hauer, 1930, Euchlanis incisa incisa Carlin, 1939, Euchlanis triquetra Ehrenberg, 1838. Among the 45 species, 14 species are new records to Taiwan. They are Anuraeopsis coelata coelata, Anuraeopsis fissa f. urawensis, Brachionus budapestinensis f. lineatus, Brachionus forficula f. reducta, Brachionus kostei, Brachionus quadridentatus f. rhenanus, Brachionus urceolaris f. nilsoni, Brachionus sp.A, Dipleuchlanis propatula f. macrodactyla, Keratella procurva, Keratella topica tropica, Euchlanis dilatata f. lucksiana, Euchlanis incisa incisa, Euchlanis triquetra.
    A total of 45 species described here among them, 36 species were planktonic, 9 species, benthic, 31 species, cosmopolitan, 13 species warm stenothermal, 1 species, cold stenothermal and endemic species of Taiwan wasn’t found. The species in Taiwan are very similar in comparison with China, Japon, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, India.

    壹、 摘要------------------------------------------------1一、 中文摘要--------------------------------------------1二、 英文摘要--------------------------------------------3 貳、 前言--------------------------------------------------5一、 分類地位-------------------------------------------5二、 外形與內部器官-------------------------------------5三、 攝食-----------------------------------------------8四、 生殖-----------------------------------------------8五、 多態性外形----------------------------------------10六、 族群的區域分佈------------------------------------11七、 研究目的------------------------------------------11 參、材料與方法--------------------------------------------13一、採樣工具和採樣地點選定--------------------------------13二、採樣方法----------------------------------------------13三、分類鑑定----------------------------------------------14四、樣本保存與標本製作------------------------------------14 肆、 結果-------------------------------------------------16 一、 科屬種之檢索表---------------------------------------17 二、 分類處理---------------------------------------------20 1) 臂尾輪蟲科(Brachionidae)------------------------------20 a.Anuraeopsis--------------------------------------------20 b.Brachionus---------------------------------------------23 c.Dipleuchlanis------------------------------------------36 d.Keratella----------------------------------------------38 e. Notholca--------------------------------------------- 43 f. Platyias----------------------------------------------44 g. Schizocerca-------------------------------------------45 2) 鬚足輪蟲科(Euchlanidae)-------------------------------47 a. Euchlanis --------------------------------------------47 伍、討論-------------------------------------------------50 陸、參考文獻---------------------------------------------53 柒、附表-------------------------------------------------62表1:台灣淡水產Brachionina輪蟲名錄及其相關文獻-----------62表2:本研究台灣淡水產Brachionina種類---------------------64表3:與亞洲其他地區淡水產Brachionina之比較---------------65 捌、附圖-------------------------------------------------66 圖1:Brachionus sp. 的內部器官---------------------------66 圖2:台灣淡水產Brachionina採集點分佈圖-------------------67 圖3-4:Anuraeopsis coelata coelata背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-68圖5-6:Anuraeopsis fissa fissa腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-----69 圖7-8:Anuraeopsis fissa f. urawensis腹面圖和集樣本分佈圖70圖9-10:Anuraeopsis navicula navicula腹面圖和採集樣本分佈71 圖11-12:Brachionus angularis angularis腹面圖和採集樣本分72圖13-14:Brachionus angularis var. bidens腹面圖和採集樣本73圖15-16:Brachionus budapestinensis budapestinensis背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--74 圖17-18:Brachionus budapestinensis f. lineatus腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------75 圖19-20:Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖---------76 圖21-22:Brachionus calyciflorus f. amphiceros背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------77 圖23-24:Brachionus calyciflorus f. anuraeiformis背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----78 圖25-26:Brachionus calyciflorus f. dorcas背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------------79 圖27-28:Brachionus caudatus f. apsteini腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------------80 圖29-30:Brachionus falcatus背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------81 圖31-32:Brachionus forficula forficula背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------------82 圖33-34:Brachionus forficula f. angularis腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------------83 圖35-36:Brachionus forficula f. minor腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------------84 圖37-38:Brachionus forficula f. reducta腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------------85 圖39-40:Brachionus kostei腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----------86 圖41-42:Brachionus plicatilis腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------87 圖43-44:Brachionus quadridentatus quadridentatus腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----88 圖45-46:Brachionus quadridentatus f. brevispinus腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----89 圖47-48:Brachionus quadridentatus f. rhenanus腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------90 圖49-50:Brachionus quadridentatus f. cluniorbicornis腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-91 圖51-52:Brachionus rubens腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----------92 圖53-54:Brachionus urceolaris f. nilsoni腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-------------93 圖55-56:Brachionus sp.A背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------------94 圖57-58:Dipleuchlanis propatula propatula背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-------------95 圖59-60:Dipleuchlanis propatula f. macrodactyla背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-------96 圖61-62:Keratella cochlearis cochlearis背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖---------------97 圖63-64:Keratella cochlearis var. macracantha背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----------98 圖65-66:Keratella cochlearis var. tecta f. micracantha背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--99 圖67-68:Keratella cochlearis var. tecta背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------------100 圖69-70:Keratella procurva背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------101 圖71-72:Keratella topica tropica背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--102 圖73-74:Keratella valga valga背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-----103 圖75-76:Keratella valga var. tropica背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-----------------104 圖77-78:Keratella valga var. tropica f. reducta背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------105 圖79-80:Notholca labis背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖------------106 圖81-82:Platyias quadricornis quadricornis背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖----------107 圖83-84:Platyias patulus patulus腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--108 圖85-86:Schizocerca diversicornis腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-109 圖87-88:Euchlanis dilatata f. lucksiana腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖--------------110 圖89-90:Euchlanis incisa incisa腹面圖和採集樣本分佈圖---111 圖91-92:Euchlanis triquetra背面圖和採集樣本分佈圖-------112 玖、照片-------------------------------------------------113圖1:Anuraeopsis coelata coelata-Brachionus calyciflorus calyciflorus-----113 圖2:Brachionus calyciflorus f. amphiceros-Brachionus forficula f. reducta-----114 圖3:Brachionus kostei-Brachionus sp.A------------------115 圖4:Dipleuchlanis propatula propatula-Keratella valga valga------------116 圖5:Keratella valga var. tropica-Euchlanis triquetra---117

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