摘要
本研究目的為探討自殺遺族心理現狀與心理調適方式，以新竹縣近四年自殺遺族為樣本進行研究。研究方法採質量混合設計，透過發送研究者自編之「自殺者家屬心理調適問卷」邀請新竹縣近四年自殺之遺族填寫，同時邀請有意願之自殺遺族進行訪談，希望透過廣泛且深入的方式了解自殺遺族目前心理現狀以及所使用的心理調適方式。
本研究結論如下：
（一） 在心理現狀方面，情緒面向以罪惡感與被拒絕/拋棄較為明顯；認知面向則以自我責難與怪罪與不斷追尋原因為較明顯；而在行為面向，則是以沉默為最明顯的心理現狀；在社會面向，孤立感與社會支持低落，以及汙名化等心理現狀在本研究中則較不明顯。
（二） 在心理調適方式方面，家庭與社會支持為自殺遺族最重要的心理調適方式，其次則為宗教信仰。自殺遺族使用最少使用的心理調適方式為個別心理治療以及自殺遺族支持團體。
（三） 透過現象學訪談，針對新竹縣自殺遺族心理現狀部分歸納出以下六項主軸：1.自殺遺族懷抱深沉而長遠的愧疚、自責與罪惡感；2.遺族的憤怒與責難會以各種方式展現；3.親人自殺事件當下帶來的衝擊，影響遺族日常生活；4.遺族至今對於親人自殺事件的記憶仍舊清晰；5.由於無法預料自殺事件，致使遺族對於親人自殺的原因充滿疑問與猜測；6.自殺遺族與親友均不刻意談論親人自殺事件。在心理調適方面，則有以下十一項主軸：1.家庭與社會支持是遺族最重要且長遠的支持力量；2.身旁親友協助自殺遺族辦理喪事的重要性；3.宗教力量提供支持與撫慰，有助於汙名化的解套，並且與遺族助人動力相輔相成；4.遺族團體提供的支持力量，有助於降低遺族的孤立感；5.遺族投入工作或照顧家庭，藉此緩和悲傷的情緒；6.情緒調適先於認知改變；7.以戶外活動調適心情；8.對於自殺親人遺物的處理及其意義；9.自殺遺族透過同理與諒解自殺者的自殺選擇而能釋懷與放下對自殺者的萬般情緒；10.自殺遺族一旦釋懷親人的自殺選擇，逐漸能夠對自殺者充滿感謝；11.接受現狀與知足。
透過本研究結果，提供未來自殺遺族諮商實務工作者與研究者做為參考，期望自殺遺族的議題能夠在心理衛生與自殺防治工作中更受到重視。

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to explore the current psychological status and coping strategies among survivors of suicide relatives in Hsinchu County. Mixed design was used in this study. Thirteen participants whose relatives committed suicide within 4 years filled out the psychological status and coping strategies questionnaire developed by the researcher. Two among those 13 participants volunteered to be interviewed. The results are as follows:
First, in terms of psychological status, guilty and feeling rejected/abandoned were the two dominant emotions experienced. Self-blame and keep asking why were most dominant in the cognition aspect, in the behavior aspect, keep silent was the most salient one, as to the social aspect, participants did not feel isolated or stigmatized, or feel less social support.
Second, in the coping strategies, family and social support was the most important coping strategy among survivors and religion was the second. While individual psychotherapy and supporting groups of suicide survivor were the least-used.
Third, six themes emerged through the in-depth interview about psychological status: survivors carried long-term guilty and self-blame, anger emerged in different ways, the impact influenced survivors’ daily life, the memory of suicide kept vivid, survivors still questioned the reasons of the unexpect suicide, did not deliberately talk about suicide event. Eleven s coping strategies included: family and social support was the most important coping strategy, the importance of funeral assistance, religion offered relief and reduced thestigmation, the survivor’s support group helped to fell lessisolated, survivors worked harder or take more care of the family to moderate grief, emotional adjustment came before the change of cognition, adjusted oneself with outdoor activities, the meaning of suicide’s remnant thing, being empathetic and understanding about the decision made by the the dead, felt reliefed, full of gratitude toward the dead, and accepted the status quo and contentment.
The implication of this study and suggestions for future researches were addressed.

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