隱形眼鏡光學特性之分析與量測｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	徐嘉陽
論文名稱：	隱形眼鏡光學特性之分析與量測 Optical Analysis and Measurement of Contact Lenses
指導教授：	王培仁
口試委員:	王培仁陳政寰許巍耀
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 動力機械工程學系 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	91
中文關鍵詞：	隱形眼鏡、穿透式光學量測、夏克-哈特曼波前感測器
外文關鍵詞：	contact lenses, transmittance optics measurement, Shack-Hartmann Sensor
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視覺為人類的重要生理機能，現代人因經常性的用眼過度或者隨年齡增長而退化，導致屈光不正(Ametropia)的情形逐漸於年輕時發生，近年來屈光矯正技術發展已從早期之配戴眼鏡到現今之接觸式隱形眼鏡(Contact Lens)及雷射角膜手術(LASIK)；但隱形眼鏡因配合角膜弧度而採用曲率半徑(Curvature Radius)小於10mm，故而不易量測其光學特性，尤以軟式隱形眼鏡因必須於濕潤狀態方能維持屈光度(Dioptre)，因此促成非接觸式量測方法之發展。
本論文採用非接觸式的光學量測原理，並使用夏克-哈特曼波前感測器(Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor)，進行一種穿透式量測系統之架構，將量測取得之波前數值應用於計算軟式隱形眼鏡之光學參數；於組裝光學零件之前，先採用光學模擬軟體進行分析及設計架構，經確認架構之可行性後，始進行設計分析與實驗之數據驗證。

Vision is an important biological function of human beings. Due to constantly over used or aging degenerated eyes, modern people are gradually conceiving ametropic symptoms in their early ages. For correction of ametropia, modern contact lenses and LASIK surgery have evolved from traditional spectacles correction technique in the last decade. As a result, the difficulties in measuring optical characteristics of contact lenses because of small radius of curvature being less than 10 mm have promoted the development of non-contact measurement methods especially for the soft hydrogel contact lenses which only can exhibit proper diopter values.
In this thesis, an optical transmittance measurement system has been established based upon the principle of non-contact optics measurement by employing a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for calculating the optical coefficients from the measured wavefront data. Initially, ray-tracing in optics simulations are conducted for basic design and analysis of the fundamental structure for feasibility studies before the final assembly of optical components. And, experimental verifications have been checked for accuracy of analysis for confirmation of the agreement between the experimental and analytical data.

摘  要………………………………………………………………………………………I
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………II
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………………III
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………IV
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………………………VII
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………………XI
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………1
  1-1 研究背景……………………………………………………………………1
  1-2 研究目的……………………………………………………………………1
  1-3 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………2
    1-3-1 隱形眼鏡之光學參數……………………………………2
    1-3-2 夏克-哈特曼波前感測器歷史演進……………2
    1-3-3 波前感測器應用於穿透式光學量測…………3
第二章 基礎光學理論……………………………………………………………8
  2-1 基礎光學原理……………………………………………………………8
    2-1-1 費馬定理…………………………………………………………8
    2-1-2 光的折射定律…………………………………………………8
    2-1-3 薄透鏡之近軸成像理論…………………………………9
    2-1-4 像差基本理論…………………………………………………9
  2-2 隱形眼鏡之光學原理………………………………………………11
    2-2-1 屈光力………………………………………………………………11
    2-2-2 非對焦式鏡片厚度與曲率半徑之關係……12
  2-3 波前量測演算法………………………………………………………12
    2-3-1 重心法………………………………………………………………12
    2-3-2 澤尼克多項式…………………………………………………13
    2-3-3 波前曲率與重建……………………………………………13
第三章 光學量測系統設計……………………………………………………22
  3-1 設計方向……………………………………………………………………22
  3-2 量測規範……………………………………………………………………22
  3-3 實驗模擬設計……………………………………………………………23
    3-3-1 隱形眼鏡模型…………………………………………………23
    3-3-2 波前感測器模型………………………………………………24
    3-3-3 光路設計測試…………………………………………………24
  3-4 於模擬中分析量測硬式隱形眼鏡之誤差……………25
  3-5 於模擬中分析量測軟式隱形眼鏡之誤差……………26
第四章 量測系統之架設與測試……………………………………………45
  4-1 使用設備………………………………………………………………………45
  4-2 光線的準直與校正……………………………………………………45
    4-2-1 光源之校準………………………………………………………45
    4-2-2 透鏡之校準………………………………………………………46
    4-2-3 空間濾波器之校準及擴束………………………………46
  4-3 直立式平台之架設………………………………………………………47
    4-3-1 直立式平台之設計……………………………………………47
    4-3-2 架設與校正…………………………………………………………47
    4-3-3 待測物之配置……………………………………………………48
  4-4 量測硬式隱形眼鏡試戴片…………………………………………48
  4-5 量測軟式隱形眼鏡………………………………………………………49
  4-6 與模擬之比較及度數之補償………………………………………50
第五章 結論與未來工作……………………………………………………………74
  5-1 結果與討論……………………………………………………………………74
  5-2 未來工作…………………………………………………………………………75
第六章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………77
                                

[1] M. S. Smirnov "Measurement of the wave aberration of the human eye", Biophysics, 6 , pp.776-794, (1961).

[2] B. C. Platt, R. Shack, “History and Principles of Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensing”, Journal of Refractive Surgery Volume 17, (2001).

[3] OKO Technology, http://www.okotech.com.

[4] 林道燊，「隱形眼鏡產業發展概況」，台灣工業銀行，(2008)。

[5] J. Schwiegerling, D. R. Neal,“Historical development of the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor”, in Robert Shannon and Roland Shack: Legends in Applied Optics, edited by J. E. Harvey and R. B. Hooker, SPIE press book, Bellingham, WA, pp. 132-139 (2005).

[6] F. Forouzandeh, “Development of Hartmann Screen Test for Measurement of Stress during Thin Film Deposition”, RMIT University (2008).

[7] D. R. Neal, J. Copland, D. Neal, “Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor Precision and Accuracy”, SPIE 4779, Conference, pp.148-160, (2006).

[8] R. R. Rammage, D. R. Neal, R. J. Copland, “Application of Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensing Technology to Transmissive Optic Metrology”, SPIE 4779, Conference, (2002).

[9] D.R. Neal, D. M. Topa, J. Copland, “The Effect of Lenslet Resolution on The Accuracy of Ocular Wavefront Measurements”, SPIE 4245, Conference, (2001).

[10] N. Efron, Contact Lens Practice, Second Edition, Elsevier, pp.444-452 (2010).

[11] 葉玉堂，饒建珍，肖峻，「幾何光學」，清華大學出版社，pp. 6-7 (2005).

[12] E. Hecht, Optics, Second Edition, Addison Wesley, pp.135-148, (1990).

[13] W. A. Douthwaite, Contact Lens Optics and Lens Design, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp.1-34 (2006).

[14] A. G. Bennett, The Optics of Contact Lenses, Br. J. Ophthalmol, 257–272 (1948).

[15] Guang-ming Dai, Wavefront Optics for Vision Correction, SPIE press book, pp.43-48 (2008).

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