超臨界水反應器（Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor, SCWR）為第四代核反應器設計之一。當水的溫度與壓力超過臨界點（374℃、22.1MPa）會達到第四相，即超臨界態。在此操作溫度壓力下的核反應器具有眾多優點，例如：比輕水式反應器更高的熱轉換效率，可達到45%左右（現今輕水式反應器的熱轉換效率為33%），此外，由於在此操作溫度下，水並不會發生相變化，因此整體的反應器設計可以更簡化與輕巧，進而降低建廠成本並有效提升電廠整體的安全性；然而，超臨界水也存在一些缺點，除了可以無限溶解非極性氣體以外，高運轉以及高功率密度會使水的輻射分解效應更為嚴重。因此，若能知道添加還原劑可以有效抑制超臨界水化學環境的腐蝕性，便能更明確的發展出在此環境下適用的金屬材料。
本論文選用三種鎳基超合金以及兩種高熵合金，分別為Haynes 282、Haynes 224、Inconel 617、Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.3以及Al0.15CoCrFeNi，將五種合金試片置於壓力25MPa、溫度650℃的超臨界水中進行腐蝕試驗，並設三種水化學條件，分別為溶氧濃度低於100ppb的除氧環境、溶氧濃度超過19ppm的飽和溶氧環境以及溶氫濃度約在1ppm的溶氫環境。實驗時間長達1500小時，每500小時會取出試片進行分析。分析項目除了測量試片的重量變化，也會針對試片表面使用掃描式電子顯微鏡（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM）觀察氧化物形貌、能量散射X射線光譜（Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, EDS）分析氧化物組成，最後再使用拉曼光譜分析儀判定氧化物的晶體結構及使用聚焦離子束顯微鏡（Focused Ion Beam, FIB）觀察試片的橫截面以及氧化層的厚度。
實驗結果表明五種合金在三種水化學環境下都呈現了質量增加的情形，且隨著實驗時間的增加，增重情形逐漸趨緩並漸趨穩定，氧化層的厚度則在具還原性的溶氫環境中最薄；唯一例外是HEA2會在飽和溶氧的環境下發生質量損失，經過SEM表面分析發現其在氧化初期就產生了氧化物剝落的現象。另一方面，經過FIB分析可以知道Al2O3及Cr2O3是在這五種合金試片上主要生成之氧化物，具有優秀的抗腐蝕能力，其外部生成的尖晶石氧化物會因為環境中溶氧的濃度高低而有量的差別。另外，HEA1及HEA2在除氧及溶氫環境下都未發生孔蝕情形；相較之下鎳基超合金在溶氫環境下的孔蝕情形就較為嚴重，顯示高熵合金優秀的抗孔蝕能力。

The Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) is the one of the Generation-Ⅳ nuclear reactor designs, mostly designed as light water rector (LWR). When the temperature and the pressure of water exceed 374℃ and 22.1 MPa respectively, the phase of water would become supercritical phase. The SCWR exhibits a higher thermal efficiency and a simpler system configuration with respect to state-of-the-art light water reactor (LWR). However, higher operating temperature indicates that the candidate structural metal materials need to have better oxidation resistance to sustain more critical environment compared to the commercial alloys. Besides, supercritical water can dissolve a large amount of oxygen , so the water chemistry in the supercritical water has highly oxidizing ability to corrode the structural materials. Therefore, developing a promising alloy which can withstand aggressive conditions above the thermodynamic point of water is a key issue to ensure safe and reliable operation pf SCWR.
In this thesis, Ni-based superalloys and High-entropy alloys which were potential candidates for the structural materials of SCWR were investigated in the simulated dynamic recirculated flow corrosion system. Three types of nickel-based superalloys including Haynes 282, Haynes 224 and Inconel 617 and two types of high-entropy alloys including Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.3 and Al0.15CoCrFeNi were selected as test materials. Samples prepared from these alloys were exposed to a high-purity water environment with a dissolved oxygen concentration over 19 ppm, a deaerated environment and a dissolved hydrogen concentration of 1 ppm, respectively. As pressure was raised to 25 MPa, corrosion test was carried out at 650℃, and the test duration varied from 500 to 1500 hours. After the corrosion tests, the mass change of specimens was measured with microbalance, and the morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of the oxide was analyzed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the crystal structure of the oxide was characterized by Raman Spectrometer. Moreover, using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) to measure the thickness of the oxide films to further know how different water chemistry conditions affect the growing way of the oxide films on the surface of alloys.
After analyzing these five types of alloys, all the specimens exhibit the results of mass gain. The range of mass gain would gradually slow down, indicating the stability of the oxide layers on the samples. However, HEA2 is the exception, it becomes mass loss under the saturated dissolved oxygen water chemistry, the spallation of oxide layer can be seen after short term exposure of experiment by SEM analysis. In the other hand, Cr2O3 and Al2O3 are the main oxide phase on the Ni-based superalloys and HEAs after exposing SCW environment for 1500 hours, and the amount of the spinel oxide would vary with the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water. Finally, there is no pitting corrosion on the HEA1 and HEA2 samples under deaerated and dissolved hydrogen environment, indicating the excellent pitting corrosion resistance of the two kinds of alloys. Compared to HEA1 and HEA2, the density of pitting corrosion on the Ni-based superalloys is much higher under the dissolved hydrogen water chemistry and increases with exposure time.

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