微小化電子鼻之設計:系統、感測器、處理晶片

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研究生：	邱仕文 Chiu, Shih-Wen
論文名稱：	微小化電子鼻之設計:系統、感測器、處理晶片 Design of a Miniature Electronic Nose: System, Sensors, and Processing Chips
指導教授：	鄭桂忠 Tang, Kea-Tiong
口試委員:	林啟萬趙昌博羅錦興李夢麟鄭桂忠陳新
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	102
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	72
中文關鍵詞：	電子鼻、微感測器陣列、佈奈米碳管以及聚合物、半數位式的適應性介面電路、電子鼻信號處理晶片、晶片電子鼻
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電子鼻在日常生活中應用的潛力極大，但目前電子鼻裝置大多體積龐大且價格昂貴，進而限制了電子鼻的發展性和應用性。本研究設計微型化電子鼻系統，使用先進的集成電路技術來完善。首先，提出仿生雙層塗佈奈米碳管以及聚合物的微型化氣體感測器陣列，雙層塗佈技術提升微型化奈米碳管以及聚合物感測器的穩定性，此感測陣列俱備功耗低、體積小等特性。半數位式的適應性介面電路，適用於積體電路製作，用於消除感測器的基線飄移。電子鼻信號處理晶片整合了擷取電路(包含可適應的介面電路)和處理核心，晶片採1P6M 0.18μm CMOS製程，僅佔4.02mm2晶片面積，在類比1V和數位1.8V的操作電壓下，功率僅消耗1.05mW；進一步利用微型化感測器陣列和電子鼻信號處理晶片，架構一個微型的電子鼻系統雛型。此外，提出一個全整合高效能的晶片電子鼻，晶片整合晶片上的感測器陣列，第一個推出用於呼吸器相關肺炎快速診斷的電子鼻系統晶片，此晶片片採1P9M 90nm CMOS製程，僅佔10.49mm2晶片面積，在0.5V的操作電壓下，僅消耗1.27毫瓦。

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………I
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………II
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………………………………………III
List of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………………………IV
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………………VIII
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………XI
Chapter 1.  Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………1
Chapter 2.  Literature Reviews……………………………………………………………………………8
       2.1 Electronic nose system basic structure…………………………8
       2.2 Chemiresistive sensors based portable electronic nose system…………10
       2.3 Chemiresistive sensors…………………………………………………………………12
         2.3.1 Metal-oxide semiconductor gas sensor…………………14
         2.3.2 Conductive-polymer gas sensor……………………………………17
       2.4 Interface of the chemiresistive sensors……………………24
         2.4.1 ADC-based sensor interface……………………………………………25
         2.4.2 Frequency-based sensor interface……………………………27
         2.4.3 Large amounts of sensor interfaces………………………29
        2.5 Highly integrated ASIC/SoC for electronic nose ………………………………………31
         2.5.1 Sensing front end ASIC and electronic nose SoC………………………………31
         2.5.2 VLSI of artificial neural networks………………………34
        2.6 Short summary………………………………………………………………………………………37
Chapter 3.  Development of a Portable Electronic Nose System………………………39
       3.1 Design flow and considerations for the portable electronic nose………39
       3.2 System of the portable electronic nose………………………42
         3.2.1 Metal-oxide semiconductor sensors array…………43
         3.2.2 Interface PCB………………………………………………………………………………46
         3.2.3 8051 microprocessor………………………………………………………………48
       3.3 Sensor data acquisition and odor classification interface………………49
       3.4 Experimental results of gas testing………………………………50
         3.4.1 Operating procedure.……………………………………………………………51
         3.4.2 Experiment with the odors of three fruits……53
         3.4.3 Experiment with the odors of four fruits………57
Chapter 4.  Conductive Polymer Composite Integrated Sensor Array…………………………61
       4.1 Challenge of conducting polymer microsensor array…………………………61
       4.2 Fabrication of the integrated microsensor array…………………………63
       4.3 MWNTs-based sensing materials………………………………………………66
       4.4 Experimental results of gas testing………………………………69
Chapter 5.  Design of Adaptive Interface Circuits………………………75
       5.1 Need and advantage of the adaptive function…………75
       5.2 Semi-digital adaptive interface circuit……………………77
         5.2.1 Circuits implementation……………………………………………………78
         5.2.2 Measurement results………………………………………………………………80
       5.3 Noise immunity enhanced semi-digital adaptive interface circuit……81
         5.3.1 Circuits implementation……………………………………………………82
         5.3.2 Comparator………………………………………………………………………………………85
         5.3.3 8-bit synchronous counter………………………………………………86
         5.3.4 8-bit current digital to analog converter……87
         5.3.5 Measurement results………………………………………………………………88
Chapter 6.  Electronic Nose Chip……………………………………………………………………92
       6.1 Electronic nose signal processing chip………………………92
         6.1.1 System block diagram……………………………………………………………93
         6.1.2 Interface circuitry………………………………………………………………94
         6.1.3 Analog-to-digital converter…………………………………………95
         6.1.4 Memory…………………………………………………………………………………………………96
         6.1.5 Microprocessor and algorithm………………………………………98
         6.1.6 Summary of chip measurement………………………………………100
       6.2 Miniature e-nose system……………………………………………………………103
         6.2.1 Miniature e-nose system prototype………………………104
         6.2.2 Hardware implementation…………………………………………………105
         6.2.3 Experimental results and comparison…………………107
Chapter 7.  Nose-on-a-chip for VAP diagnosis…………………………………109
       7.1 Scenario……………………………………………………………………………………………………109
       7.2 Nose-on-a-chip……………………………………………………………………………………112
         7.2.1 System block diagram…………………………………………………………113
         7.2.2 On-chip sensor array…………………………………………………………115
         7.2.3 Eight channel adaptive interface circuitry………………115
         7.2.4 SAR analog-to-digital converter……………………………117
         7.2.5 Continuous restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM)kernel………119
         7.2.6 Memory………………………………………………………………………………………………123
         7.2.7 RISC-core and algorithm…………………………………………………125
         7.2.8 Summary of chip measurement………………………………………128
       7.3 Clinical VAP Identification…………………………………………………134
Chapter 8.  Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………138
Referenc…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………143
Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………………………………………………170
                                

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