多重情緒下虛擬代理人之決策機制｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	李秉翰 Benny P.H. Lee
論文名稱：	多重情緒下虛擬代理人之決策機制 Feeling Ambivalent: A Model of Mixed Emotions for Virtual Agents
指導教授：	蘇豐文 Von-Wun Soo
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊系統與應用研究所 Institute of Information Systems and Applications
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	62
中文關鍵詞：	代理人、情緒、決策、虛擬環境、人工智慧
外文關鍵詞：	agent, emotion, decision making, virtual environment, artificial intelligence
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

混合情緒，特別是互相衝突的矛盾心情，常常影響人類或是虛擬代理人的決策行為。當矛盾情緒產生時，原本要執行的計畫或是方案常經過妥協以後再執行。
此篇論文首先討論何為矛盾情緒再定義，之後延伸並修改心理學的情緒產生結構OCC model讓代理人能對更多種環境反應出擬人的情緒。在代理人的部分，我們提出一個以網路架構為主並仿生的模型來產生情緒，此模型特別強調可同時產生多種情緒，企圖模擬人類複雜的心境。當矛盾發生時，本論文也提出相對應的演算法，讓代理人能夠用一定的決策流程去解決其矛盾，並找出一妥協的方案。此論文並提供了一個情境去模擬代理人的決策思考行為。
實驗部分，我們提出一份類似前述情境的問卷，測試解決矛盾的演算法之正確性。最後我們將探討實驗結果以及討論矛盾情緒應用在虛擬代理人上的結論。

Mixed emotions, especially those in conflict, sway agent decisions and result in dramatic changes in social scenarios. However, the emotion models and architectures for virtual agents are not yet advanced enough to be imbedded with coexisting emotions. In this thesis, an improved emotion model from OCC integrated with decision making algorithms is proposed to deal with two topics: the generation of coexisting emotions, and the resolution to ambivalence, in which two emotions conflict. A scenario of ambivalence is provided to illustrate the process of agent’s decision-making.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION    1
1.1    MOTIVATION    1
1.2    GOAL    2
CHAPTER 2 THE FOUNDATIONS OF MIXED EMOTIONS    4
2.1    RELATED WORK    4
2.2    OCC MODEL    5
2.3    SOCIAL EMOTIONS    8
2.4    COMPOUND EMOTIONS    9
2.5    AMBIVALENCE    18
CHAPTER 3 THE GENERATION OF MIXED EMOTIONS    22
3.1    IDENTIFICATION OF EVENTS    22
3.2    IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS    22
3.3    SIMULTANEOUS EMOTION ELICITATION MODEL (SEEM)    23
3.4    FACTORS OF EMOTION ELICITATIONS    25
3.5    EMOTION ELICITATIONS BY ENHANCED OCC MODEL    28
3.5.1    Emotions of WELLBEING    29
3.5.2    Emotions of PROSPECT-BASED FOR SELF    29
3.5.3    Emotions of FORTUNE OF OTHERS    30
3.5.4    Emotions of PROSPECT-BASED FOR OTHERS    31
3.5.5    Emotions of ATTRIBUTION    32
3.5.6    Emotions of COMPOUNDS    33
3.5.7    Emotions of ATTRACTION    33
3.6    DECAY OF EMOTIONS    33
3.7    SOLUTIONS TO AMBIVALENCE    34
3.7.1    Resolution to Ambivalence in Situation 1    36
3.7.2    Resolution to Ambivalence in Situation 2    37
CHAPTER 4 SCENARIO: A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT    39
4.1    PREFACE    39
4.2    CONFLICT RESOLUTION    39
CHAPTER 5 EVALUATION    43
5.1    EVALUATION OVERVIEW    43
5.2    EVALUATE ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING AMBIVALENCE    43
5.3    EVALUATE INTENSITY OF AMBIVALENCE    50
5.4    DISCUSSION    50
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION    51
6.1    CONCLUSION    51
REFERENCE    52
Appendix 1    55

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. The OCC model    7
Figure 2. The extended OCC model    9
Figure 3. Ortony and Turner suggest that emotions are elicited by cognitive components.    11
Figure 4. Component of WELLBEING, ATTRIBUTION and COMPOUNDS    29
Figure 5. Component of PROSPECT-BASED FOR SELF    30
Figure 6. Component of FORTUNE OF OTHERS    31
Figure 7. Component of PROSPECT-BASED FOR OTHERS (for positive relationship)    31
Figure 8. Component of PROSPECT-BASED FOR OTHERS (for negative relationship)    32
Figure 9. Pseudo code for solving the ambivalence in situation 1    37
Figure 10. An action set is found in T1 and triggers ambivalence in T2    40
Figure 11. Another action set is found in T2 and triggers ambivalence in T3    41
Figure 12. Another action set is found in T3 and triggers ambivalence in T4    42
Figure 13. Ignore the ambivalence in T4 and execute a3    42
Figure 14. The decision flow of solving ambivalence in questionnaire    44
Figure 15. The decision flow in algorithm    45
Figure 16. Success trail type 1    46
Figure 17. Success trail type 2    47
Figure 18. Success trail type 3    48
Figure 19. Success trail type 4    49

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. The basic rules of generating compound emotions.    12
Table 2. Mixing WELLBEING and ATTRIBUTION emotions for self to compound emotions    12
Table 3. Mixing prospect-based emotions to self and attribution emotions for self to compound emotions    14
Table 4. Mixing WELLBEING emotions and ATTRIBUTION emotions for others to compound emotions    15
Table 5. Mixing PROSPECT-based emotions to self and ATTRIBUTION emotions for others to compound emotions    15
Table 6. Mixing fortune-of-others emotions with attribution emotions for others to compound emotions    16
Table 7. Mixing prospect-based to others emotions with attribution emotions for others to compound emotions    17
Table 8. Mixing fortune-of-others emotions with attribution emotions for self to compound emotions    18
Table 9. Mixing prospect-based to others emotions with attribution emotions for self to compound emotions    18
Table 10. The basic rules of emotion reciprocals    24
Table 11. A list of factors in SEEM    28
Table 12. The best action set found in T1, T2 and T3    40
Table 13. Participants in Success Trails    49
Table 14. The T-test for intensity of ambivalence in trail type 1 and type 2    50

                                

1. Bates, J.: The Role in Emotion of Believable Agents. Communications of the ACM, 37 (1994) 122-125
2. Bazzan, A. L., Bordini, R. H.: A framework for the simulation of agents with emotions. In: Proceedings of AGENT01: the Fifth Inter-national Conference on Autonomous Agents. ACM Press, New York (2001) 292-299
3. Carofiglio, V., De Rosis, F., Grassano, G.: Mixed emotion modeling. In: Canamero, L., Aylett, R. (eds.): Proceedings of the AISB02: Symposium on Animating Expressive Characters for Social Interaction. The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour. London (2002) 5-10.
4. Chang, H.M., Chen, K.T., Chien, Y.H., Kao, E., and Soo, V.W., From Reality to Mind: A Cognitive Middle Layer of Environmental Concepts for Believable Agents. Workshop of Environment for Multiagent Systems in International Conference on Autonomous Agent and Multi-agent System. (2004)
5. Darwin, C.: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Charles Darwin (1872)
6. El-Nasr, M. S., Yen, J., and Ioerger, T. R.: FLAME: Fuzzy Logic Adaptive Model of Emotions. Autonomous Agent and Multi-agent System. 3 (2000) 219-257.
7. Elliot, C.: The Affective Reasoner: A Process Model of Emotions in a Multi-agent System. PhD thesis, Northwestern University. Institute for the Learning Sciences (1992)
8. Gratch, J. Émile: Marshalling passions in training and education. In: Proceedings of Agent00: the Fourth international Conference on Autonomous Agents. ACM Press, New York (2000) 325-332.
9. Gmytrasiewicz, P., Lisetti, C.: Using Decision Theory to Formalize Emotions for Multi-agent System Applications. In Second ICMAS-2000 Workshop on Game Theoretic and Decision Theoretic Agents. Boston (2000)
10. Kao, E., Chang, H.M., Chien, Y.H., and Soo, V.W. Using Ontology to Establish Social Context and Support Social Reasoning. Intelligent Virtual Agents: 5th Inter-national Working Conference. (2005)
11. Larsen, J. T., McGraw, A. P., Cacioppo, J. T.: Can People Feel Happy and Sad at the Same Time. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81 (2001) 684-696.
12. LeDoux, J. E.: The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. Simon & Schuster (1996)
13. Newby-Clark, I. R., McGregor, I., & Zanna, M. P.: Thinking and Caring about Cognitive Inconsistency: When and for Whom Does Attitudinal Ambivalence Feel Uncomfortable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 82 (2002) 157–166.
14. Nordgren, L. F., van Harreveld, F., van der Pligt, J.: Ambivalence, Discomfort, and Motivated Information Processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 42 (2006) 252-258
15. Oliveira, E., Sarmento, L.: Emotional Advantage for Adaptability and Autonomy. In: Proceedings of AAMAS03: the Second International Joint Conference of Autonomous Agent and Multi-agent System. ACM Press, New York (2003) 305-312.
16. Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., Collins, A.: The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press (1988)
17. Ortony, A., Turner, J.T.: What's basic about basic emotions?. Psychological Review, 97(3) (1990) 315-331.
18. Picard, Rosalind W.: Affective Computing. The MIT Press (1997)
19. Plutchik, R.: Emotions and Life: Perspectives from Psychology, Biology, and Evolution. American Psychological Association (2002)
20. Ridley M.: The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation. Viking Press (1996)
21. Schimmack, U., Colcombe, S.: Eliciting mixed feelings with the paired-picture paradigm: A tribute to Kellogg (1915). Cognition and Emotion. (In Press)
22. Smith, M. K., Welty, C., McGuinnes, D. L (eds).: OWL Web Ontology Language Guide. W3C Recommendation. http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/ (2004)
23. Velásquez, J.: When Robots Weep: Emotional Memories and Decision-making. In: Proceedings of AAAI98: the Fifteenth National/Tenth Conference on Artificial Intelligence/Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence. American Association for Artificial Intelligence (1998)

全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校內網路)
全文公開日期本全文未授權公開 (校外網路)

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文