台華雙語人語碼轉換之腦事件相關電位研究
中文摘要

本論文是以行為實驗及腦事件相關電位（Event-Related Brain Potentials，簡稱ERPs）實驗，來觀察台華雙語人在聆聽語碼轉換現象及語意不合句子時，大腦的運作歷程的變化，並比較兩者變項之間的差異。實驗中的受試者是以慣用右手的台華雙語人。實驗一是以閩南語為底的句子、實驗二則是以華語為底的句子為語料設計，各分成合語意、不合語意、合語意的語碼轉換和不合語意的語碼轉換四種情況。
行為資料方面，我們發現，實驗一和實驗二中，聆聽語碼轉換或者語意不合的句子時，反應時間均無統計上的顯著差異。只有在語碼轉換狀態下，不合語意的句子的反應時間比合語意的句子短。
在腦事件相關電位實驗中，實驗一和實驗二均在不合語意的句子相對於合語意句子有N400振幅差異、有語碼轉換的句子相對於沒有語碼轉換句子有N400振幅差異。不同的是，在實驗一中，閩南語轉不合語意的華語詞彙的句子相對於轉合語意的華語辭彙的句子有N400振幅差異，但實驗二中，華語轉不合語意的閩南語詞彙相對於轉合語意的閩南語詞彙並無N400振幅差異。另外，大腦部位比較上，我們發現，操弄語意變項時，N400振幅差異是以central-parietal部位為最大值、而操弄語碼轉換變項時，N400振幅差異則是以frontal-central部位為最大值。

Electrophysiological Measures of Code-switching
in Mandarin-Taiwanese Bilinguals
Abstract
In this study, we used behavioral experiment and event-related potentials to see the changes of the brain when bilinguals hear code-switching sentences or semantic violation, and compared the difference between this two variations. All participants were right-handed. One hundred and twenty-eight auditory sentences were presented in either of two experiments and half of the sentences had an unexpected final word. The body of the sentence in experiment one was Taiwanese and final words could be Taiwanese or Mandarin(code-switching). In experiment two, the body of the sentence was Mandarin and final words could be Mandarin or Taiwanese(code-switching). Subjects had to evaluate the sensibleness of sentences during the experiment.
In reaction times(RTs) data, there were no significant difference either final words are code-switching or semantic incongruence in both experiments. The only significant difference happens in the final word which is both code-switching and semantic incongruence (shorter than final word which is reasonable and no code-switching).
As for ERP data, N400 amplitude were significantly larger in incongruent than congruent sentences at central-parietal area, and larger in code-switching than no code-switching sentence at frontal-central area in both experiments. Out of ordinary, in the code-switching condition, there were no N400 amplitude difference between congruent and incongruent sentence.

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