在這篇論文裡，我們使用超寬頻 (ultra-wideband, UWB) 脈衝雷達來無線偵測生理訊號，例如: 呼吸、心跳頻率。 這套雷達系統可以應用在無線長期健康照護上，或者在災難現場尋找生還者。 傳送端發送頻率為10M 脈衝/秒，脈衝時間長度為3 nano seconds的脈衝朝向待測者，脈衝碰到待測者的呼吸、心跳振動，帶著呼吸、心跳資訊反射被接收端收到。 接收端的等效取樣頻率是130G 取樣點/秒。

以往在無線偵測上都使用sine波來模擬呼吸和心跳，呼吸是緩慢規律的變化，的確像sine波；然而心跳不像sine波，而像脈衝般跳動。 我們參考心電圖，建立了一個數學的心跳模型，這個模型很容易調整，所以無論是正常或不正常的心跳，都可以很容易地模擬出來。 我們設計了一個逐次消去演算法 (Successive interference cancellation, SIC) 來分離呼吸和心跳的頻率。 而且，我們的演算法是盲測 (blind estimation)。 也就是說，我們不需要知道傳送波形的樣子，就能正確估計出呼吸、心跳的頻率。在〝Simulation results〞那章有模擬結果分析與比較。 在實作上，我們設計了一個即時顯示的介面，來顯示收到的波形以及估測每分鐘的呼吸、心跳次數。

In this thesis, we use an ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse radar system for non-contact vital sign detection like respiration rate and heartbeat rate. The system can be applied for wireless healthcare monitoring or searching trapped victim. The transmitter sends periodic pulses at 10M pulses/sec towards the person. The pulse duration of transmitted pulse is about nano seconds. The pulses are sent to the chest of the person, and are reflected back to
the receiver. The respiration and heartbeat information are carried in the reflected signal. The equivalent sampling rate of receiver is 130G samples/sec.

It has been a long time for using sine wave to simulate respiration and heartbeat in wireless detection. Respiration is like sine wave, but heartbeat is like pulse. We design a mathematical heartbeat model which refers to real heartbeat from electrocardiogram (ECG). We develop a successive interference cancellation algorithm that can use the reflected signals efficiently and estimate respiration rate and heartbeat rate precisely. Moreover, we don’t
need any prior knowledge of the transmitted pulse waveform. That is, proposed algorithm is a blind-estimated algorithm. The performance and comparison are presented in simulation
results. We also implement a real-time platform to control and estimate respiration rate and heartbeat rate.

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