Design and Improvement on Accessible Website — Co-Life System as a Case

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研究生：	田侑鷺 Tine, Yu-Lu
論文名稱：	Design and Improvement on Accessible Website — Co-Life System as a Case 無障礙網頁之設計與改善—以Co-Life系統為例
指導教授：	黃雪玲 Hwang, Sheue-Ling
口試委員:	王建立 Wang, Jan-Li 姚志民 Yao, Chih-Min
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	64
中文關鍵詞：	視覺障礙使用者、遠距教學、Co-Life 、無障礙網頁、GOMS
外文關鍵詞：	Visually impaired users, distant-learning, accessible web
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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With the development of network technology, it is necessary for people living in modern life to access as well as to share information through the Internet. The current communication software can support image and voice transmission, allowing users to join online meeting or distance learning.

The purpose of this research is to modify the current web-based Co-Life system to be accessible for the visually impaired people. such that they could use this platform to pursue distant learning, which could enhance their core ability in facing the information explosive.

Visually impaired people and sighted people are invited to participate in the research to form a task force to discuss problems by using the event – trigger method. We adopted the revised version of co-life online conference system for the visually impaired. Then, an experiment was conducted with eight blind subjects to test the web accessibility comparing the original and revised systems. The test data were analyzed using GOMS model and statistical methods.

The results of average, paired sample t-test and nonparametric analysis indicated that the revised version was better compared to the original version in terms of task-completion time, number of errors, search steps, and NASA-TLX score. The subjective evaluation revealed that the revised version was more user friendly compared to the original version. In addition, the result of GOMS method showed that the revised version was better compared to the original version in terms of operation efficiency. Finally, this design conformed to web accessibility development guideline of Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan, and got the marker A+.

隨著科技的進步與網際網路不斷地發展，利用上網獲取資訊及分享知識是現代人日常生活不可或缺的一環。而現今的通訊軟體更能夠支援即時影像與聲音傳輸，讓使用者能夠進行網路視訊會議，或者是遠距教學。

本研究之目的在編修一個可提供視障人士遠距數位學習的平台-Co-Life無障礙版，設計出給視障者利用網際網路進行線上會議的環境，讓他們不需要明眼人的協助，也能夠以自身的能力，利用網路與其他人溝通。本研究由明盲的研發人員共同組成團隊，以事件觸發(event – trigger)的分析模式，討論及測試網頁的設計與編修，編修完成後提出一個Co-Life線上會議演講系統的無障礙版本。另外規劃實驗，設定實驗任務邀請視障者接受測試，以評估編修前後對視障者在使用效能上是否有顯著改善，並且利用 GOMS 方法，比較使用一般版與無障礙版間的操作效能，測試結果以統計軟體分析。

對於視障者使用 Co-Life線上會議系統，由實驗結果可知平均數據、及成對T檢定與無母數分析，在操作時間、錯誤次數、搜尋步數及心智負荷等面向，無障礙版均優於一般版。而與受測者的訪談中，每位皆表達無障礙版有較佳的親和性 (User Friendly)，另外從GOMS分析結果得知在操作效能上無障礙版也優於一般版，最後也通過行政院研究發展考核委員會所頒訂的「無障礙網頁開發規範」，並申請取得 A+ 等級的標章。

摘要    I
Abstract    II
致謝    IV
Table of Contents    V
List of Figures    VII
List of Tables    VIII
Ch.1   Introduction    1
1.1 Background and motivation    1
1.2 Objective    2
1.3 Research framework    2
Ch.2   Literature Review    4
2.1 Development of accessibility for the visually impaired users    4
2.1.1 The present condition of the computers    4
2.1.2 The difficulties faced for the visually impaired when using computers to learn    4
2.1.3 The methods and achievements for solving the difficulties    6
2.1.3.1 Screen magnifier    6
2.1.3.2 Braille displays    7
2.1.3.3 Screen reader    8
2.2 Interface design    8
2.2.1 What is the accessibility of web    8
2.2.2 Design Guidelines for Universal Web Accessibility    9
2.3 Co-Life system    10
2.3.1 Introduction to the Co-Life system    10
2.3.2 The characteristics of the Co-Life system    10
2.3.3 Comparison on Co-life system, skype and msn    12
2.4 Evaluation methods    12
2.4.1 GOMS Method    12
2.4.2 NASA-TLX Scale    13
Ch.3   Research Method    16
3.1 Basic structure analysis    17
3.1.1Functions and interface design    18
3.1.2 Analysis of Co-Life system    18
3.2 Application of GOMS method    20
3.2.1 Modeling the user interface of Co-Life system with GOMS    20
3.3 Experiment method    20
3.3.1 Experiment tasks, subjects and experimental equipment    20
3.3.2 Design of Experiment    21
3.3.3 Experiment procedure    27
Ch.4   Results    29
4.1 Webpage evaluation by GOMS    29
4.2 Normal distribution tests    29
4.3 The task completion time    33
4.4 Number of errors    34
4.5 Search steps    35
4.6 Workload rating NASA-TLX    36
4.7 Comprehensive result    37
Ch.5  Discussion    39
Ch.6  Conclusion    41
6.1 Conclusion of the research    41
6.2 Future work    41
References    43
Appendix I GOMS analyses    46
Appendix II NASA-TLX Questionnaire    60
Appendix III Paired sample t-test    62
Appendix IV Wilcoxon signed-rank test    63

                                

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