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研究生: 吳宜軒
Wu, Yi-Shiuan
論文名稱: 利用基體偏壓之0.5 伏特高斯頻移鍵控解調器
A 0.5V GFSK Demodulator with Body-Bias Technique
指導教授: 黃柏鈞
Huang, Po-Chiun
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 57
中文關鍵詞: 藍芽高斯頻移鍵控解調器0.5伏特基體輸入
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  • 由於手持式無線通訊電子產品需求量的增加,為了延長電子產品使用的時間,最直接的方式就是降低操作電壓,使系統達到低功率消耗。而且為了減少電池在電子產品中所占的體積和重量,太陽能將成為另一種提供能源的方式,由於太陽能電池所能供應的電壓約為0.5伏特,因此我們以藍芽( Bluetooth )做為參考規範,設計一個操作在0.5伏特高斯頻移鍵控( GFSK )的解調器。
    在這個研究當中包含了兩個部分,一個是將訊號拉到軌對軌( rail to rail )的限幅放大器( Limiting Amplifier ),另一個則是用延遲鎖相迴路為架構的解調器。限幅放大器主要的目地是提供足夠的增益,讓類比的信號轉換成數位信號,為了避免電路本身的雜訊影響訊號,也會對這一個部分進行分析。而解調方面則是將拉到軌對軌的數位信號延遲一段固定的時間,之後將延遲的信號對原來的信號去做取樣,藉由判斷相位的超前和落後,來達到解調的目的。而延遲鎖相迴路( DLL )就是利用回授的方式準確的鎖定我們所需要的延遲時間( 1/3MHz )。
    由於大部分電路都是偏數位方面的電路,比較適合操作在較低的工作電壓,此外,數位電路並不消耗直流電流,可以進一步減低功率的消耗。晶片的製作採用台積電0.18um 1P6M 製程來實現,晶片面積為1.54mm2,在此設計當中,選擇以3 MHz作為居中頻率( Intermediate Frequency, IF ),在0.5伏特的操作電壓下,功率消耗為0.2mW。


    1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 Test Circuit for Bulk Input Structure 3 2.1 Low Voltage Operational Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Simulation and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 FSK Receiver Architecture 11 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.2 Receiver Radio Architectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3.2.1 Heterodyne Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.2 Homodyne Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3.2.3 Low-IF Receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3 System Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4 Limiting Amplifier 21 4.1 Limiting Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4.1.1 Gain Stage Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.1.2 Offset Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4.1.3 Common Mode Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.1.4 Noise Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.2 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5 FSK Demodulator 33 5.1 FSK Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5.2 FSK Demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.2.1 Differentiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 5.2.2 PLL type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.2.3 Quadrature Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.2.4 Zero-crossing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 5.2.5 DLL type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.3 DLL type FSK Demodulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.3.1 Phase Frequency Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5.3.2 Charge Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.3.3 Voltage Controlled Delay Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5.3.4 LO Shift Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.4 Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6 Measurement Result 50 6.1 Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 6.1.1 SNR to BER Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6.1.2 Noise of the Limiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6.1.3 Performance Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7 Conclusion 56 7.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

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