中文摘要
全世界的角蘚種類約有200~250種，台灣已知的種類有14種，其中本論文的研究對象角蘚科有3屬9種。有關台灣角蘚的研究，相對於其他苔蘚類植物的研究相當的少，由於相關資料的缺乏，因此本論文在此重新檢視台灣的角蘚科植物，並以片狀體特徵、孢蒴長度及顏色等外部形態，以及片狀體橫切面、葉綠體數量、孢子表面紋飾、假彈絲特徵等超微結構作為形態上的分類依據。其中孢子表面紋飾為角蘚植物中重要之分類依據，在此以掃描式電子顯微鏡 (SEM) 加以觀察，提供較清楚的圖像。分子分析部分則是以葉綠體之rbcL、trnL-F及粒線體之nad5這三個片段的序列來重建其親緣關係樹，同時也加入了儲存在NCBI資料庫上其他角蘚的序列進行分析，檢視台灣地區各種類角蘚的關係，以及台灣的角蘚與其他地區種類的關係。
在本研究中台灣角蘚科植物除了已知的9種外，在角蘚屬的部分新增了2個未定種，在葉角蘚屬中則新增了1個未定種，加上作為外群的東亞大角蘚一共處理13種，分別作外部形態的觀察及分子分析。
雖然角蘚植物在階層的分類上常備受爭議，但就台灣角蘚科植物而言，是可以依據各項分析將角蘚屬、葉角蘚屬及黃角蘚屬分開的，在此提供台灣地區角蘚科植物之形態及分子等相關資料，期望對將來台灣角蘚植物的研究能有幫助。

Abstract
There are approximately 200~250 species of hornworts around the world. In Taiwan, 14 species have been recorded. Among them, nine species in three genera belonging to Anthocerotaceae are in this study. Comparing to the other bryophyte, the studies of hornwort are quite few in Taiwan. Hence the aim of this thesis is to review the hornwort plants of Taiwan by using morphology such as the feature of thallus, capsule length and color, and by using ultrastructure such as cross-section of thallus, number of chloroplast per cells, ornamentation of spores and feature of pseudoelaters. Ornamentation of spores is a significant character for grouping of hornwort. Therefore the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos of spores are provided. For molecular analysis, three different DNA markers : rbcL and trnL-F of chloroplast DNA, and nad5 of mitochondria DNA are selected for reconstruction of phylogeny. Other hornwort sequences deposited at NCBI database are also downloaded and integrated with my own data of Anthocerotaceae in Taiwan and also in the world.
In this study, in addition to the nine recorded of Anthocerotaceae, two unknown species are added to Anthoceros and one unknown species to Folioceros. In total, 13 species have been dealt with morphology and molecular analysis respectively, including Megaceros flagellaris as outgroup.
Although circumscription of genus and relationship among genera remain problematic in hornwort, Anthoceros, Folioceros and Phaeoceros can be separated by each analysis for Taiwanese Anthocerostaceae. Here I provide the morphological and molecular evidence, and hope it will be useful for further study of Taiwanese hornwort in the future.

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