世界史研究在二十世紀前半期得到重視後，到了1960年代以後美國出現一股研究世界史的風潮，而William H. McNeill (以下稱為麥克尼爾)對世界史研究的貢獻和提倡是引領此風潮的關鍵因素之一。本論文的主旨是研究麥克尼爾的世界史觀與他對世界史研究的影響。他的成名作是《西方的興起》(The Rise of the West)，這本書綜合了先前的世界史研究的成果，運用文明為世界史的歷史分析單位並結合文化傳播的概念來闡述世界史的發展。
本論文是一篇史學史的論文，筆者強調學術思想的發展如何影響麥克尼爾的世界史研究，而筆者主要依據他的自傳《追尋真理》(The Pursuit of Truth)的內容來進行分析。本論文分為五章。第一章是緒論，旨在介紹麥克尼爾的學術生平、思想發展和其著作，並分析他對世界史的性質、功用和教育的觀點。
第二章討論麥克尼爾的世界史方法論，筆者從三個課題進行分析，這三個課題分別為世界史的歷史分析單位、世界史的分期和歷史變遷的動力。第三章則闡釋麥克尼爾的史學思想中的環境觀。到了晚年的時候，他越來越強調自然環境對世界史發展的影響。本文採用演化世界觀(evolutionary worldview)和人類生態史(human ecological history)來說明他的史學思想中的環境觀。第四章是評論麥克尼爾的世界史觀與其影響，文中舉Jerry Bentley、David Christian、和John R. McNeill三人為例，來論述麥克尼爾對美國的世界史研究的啟發。
第五章是結論，筆者認為麥克尼爾豎立了世界史書寫的新典範，那就是世界史成為結合人類史和環境史的一種歷史書寫型態。麥克尼爾在世界史研究的努力和貢獻，導致自然環境成為世界史發展的關鍵因素。

World history as a field of historical studies emerged in the first half of twentieth century. After 1960, more scholars engaged in the study of world history in U. S. Among them, William H. McNeill was an important historian to do great contributions to the study of world history, and promote the study of world history. This thesis will research into McNeill’s historiography of world history, and his influence on the study of world history in U. S. The famous work of McNeill was The Rise of the West. This book synthesized the achievements of previous study of world history, and it adopted civilization as unit of historical analysis and applied the concept of cultural diffusion to interpret the advancement of world history.
This is a thesis of historiography. I will focus on the intellectual framework and base on his memoir, The Pursuit of Truth, to analyze and interpret McNeill’s historiography of world history. There are five chapters in this thesis. The first chapter is an introduction. I will sketch in the intellectual growth of McNeill, and analyze his viewpoints on the character, meaning, and teaching of world history.
In chapter two, I will discuss the methodology of world history from three problems: units of historical analysis, periodization scheme of world history, historical dynamic in world history. I will investigate the factor of environment in McNeill’s historiography in chapter three. McNeill emphasized more on the natural environment’s influence on the development of world history in his later works. McNeill brought up evolutionary worldview and human ecological history these two important arguments. I will comment on McNeill’s historiography, and account for his inspiration on the study of world history in U. S. Chapter five is the conclusion of this thesis. I shall explain how McNeill set a new paradigm of world history writing. This paradigm is to view world history as an interconnection between human history and environmental history.

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――. “World History and the Rise and Fall of the West," Journal of World History, vol. 9, no. 2 (1998), pp. 215-236.
――. “History and the Scientific Worldview," History and Theory, vol. 37, no. 1 (1998), pp. 1-13.
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――. “The Biological Basis of Human History”. Perspective in Biology and Medicine, Vol. 46 (2003), pp. 371-382.
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三. 中文著作
于沛主編：《全球化與全球史》，北京：社會科學文獻出版社，2007。
方志強：〈進步的理念：內涵與定義〉，《思與言》，第39卷第3期(2001)，頁173-206。
――：〈進步的理念－20世紀的挑戰〉，《新史學》，第12卷2期(2001)，頁 131-172。
王晴佳：《台灣史學五十年》，台北：麥田，2002。
―― 與古偉瀛合著：《後現代與歷史學：中西比較》，台北：巨流出版，2000。
王汎森：《近代中國的史家與史學》，香港：三聯書店，2008。
王晉新：〈揚棄、探求與超越－威廉‧麥克尼爾史學思想及成就述評〉，《史學理論研究》，第4期(2009)，頁37-50。
王晉新：〈人間與天庭－麥克尼爾與湯恩比之間的學術淵源與分歧〉，《古代文明》，第4卷第1期(2010)，頁5-17。
古偉瀛與高明士編著：《戰後台灣的歷史學研究，1945-2000》，第一冊〈總論〉，台北：國科會，2004。
古偉瀛：《歷史的轉捩點》，台北：臺大出版中心，2006。
――：〈撰史憑誰定良窳？－－試論「良史」的變與不變〉，《臺大歷史學報》，第44期(2009)，頁 1-41。
包茂宏：《環境史學的起源和發展》，北京：北京大學出版社，2012。
李弘祺：《讀史的樂趣》，台北：允晨，1991。
――：〈歷史主義的危機與超越〉，《史學評論》，第1期(1979)，頁41-70。
――：〈中國的第二次銅器時代〉，《台大歷史學報》，No. 35 (2005)，頁1-34。
――：〈世界史教學經驗談〉，《歷史教育》，第14期(2009)，頁 1-19。
――：《卷里營營：歷史、教育與文化演講集》，台北：允晨，2012。
李弘祺等撰，思與言雜誌社編：《史學與史學方法論集》，台北：食貨出版，1980。
李尚仁：〈歐洲擴張與生態決定論〉，《當代》，第170期(2001)，頁18-29。
朱政惠和胡逢祥主編：《全球視野下的史學：區域性與國際性》，上海：上海辭書出版社，2010。
邢義田譯著：《西洋古代史參考資料》，台北：聯經，1987。
――：《古羅馬的榮光：羅馬史資料選讀》，台北：遠流，1997。
――：〈世界史」抑中國文化立場的「西洋史」〉，《史學評論》，第3期(1981)，頁 133-147。
林正珍：〈世界史理念的建構及其相關論述〉，《興大歷史學報》，第9期(1999)。
――：〈世界史視野的拓展與當代中國史學〉，收錄於黃俊傑編：《傳統中華文化與現代價值的激盪與調融》（二）(台北：喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會，2002)，頁 165~190。
周樑楷：〈威爾斯世界史觀的思想基礎〉，《人文及社會學科教學通訊》，第1卷4期(1990)，頁 239-247。
――：〈麥克尼爾世界史新架構的局限—兼論「文明」的自主性〉， 《當代》， 第67期(1991)，頁 132-141。
――：〈世界史觀與世界秩序的辯證關係〉，《當代》，第78期(1992)，頁 70-82。
――：〈但丁的歷史迷思：全球化理論與世界史論述的評析〉，收錄於氏編：《結網二編》(台北：東大，2003)，頁 531-559。
黃俊傑：〈關於西洋史研究與教學的幾點考慮〉，《史學評論》，第3期(1981)，頁 117-131。
楊肅獻：〈台灣的西洋史研究，1950-1995〉，《臺大歷史學報》，第21期(1997)，頁295-338。
―― 與高明士編著：《戰後台灣的歷史學研究，1945-2000》，第八冊〈世界史〉，台北：國科會，2004。
劉新成主編：《全球史評論》，共五輯，北京：商務印書館，2008 - 2012。
蔣竹山：《當代史學研究的趨勢、方法與實踐：從新文化史到全球史》，台北：五南，2012。
閻沁恆：《湯恩比的歷史研究與文化史觀》，板橋：稻鄉，2006。
張海鵬主編：《中國歷史學30年(1978-2008)》，北京：中國社會科學出版社，2008。
吳懷祺、林曉平著：《中國史學思想通史－總論、先秦卷》，合肥：黃山書社，2005。
錢乘旦：〈評麥克尼爾《世界史》〉，《世界歷史》，第二期(2008)，頁130-138。
David H. Pinkney著，古鴻廷譯：〈美國的歷史教育〉，《史學評論》，第七期(1984)，頁177-190。
Geoffrey Barraclough著，楊豫譯：《當代史學主要趨勢》，上海：上海譯文，1999。
William McNeill講，梁其姿、錢永祥等人譯：〈近代西方歷史的回顧與展望〉，《聯合月刊》，第27期(1983)，頁96-107。
William McNeill寫，由王琪、游鑑明譯：〈美國的歐洲史教育〉，《史學評論》，第八期(1984)，頁61-76。
Gerald N. Callahan著、陳芷翎譯：《感染：細菌、病毒、微生物與人類的糾葛之謎》(台北：原水文化，2007)，頁48-66。
Michael B. A. Oldstone著、羅文慈譯：《打不完的病毒戰爭》，台北：新新聞文化，2000。