多共振腔系統、藍寶石X光共振腔及建置時間解析繞射系統

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研究生：	蔡一葦 Yi-Wei Tsai
論文名稱：	多共振腔系統、藍寶石X光共振腔及建置時間解析繞射系統 Multi-cavity systems, sapphire X-ray resonators, and the construction of time-resolved X-ray diffraction system
指導教授：	張石麟 Shih-Lin Chang
口試委員:	湯茂竹 Mau-Tsu Tang 黃玉山 Yu-Shan Huang 蘇雲良 Yun-Liang Soo 李英裕 Yin-Yu Lee
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	103
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	90
中文關鍵詞：	X-ray resonator 、time-resolved X-ray diffraction 、backward diffraction 、cavity
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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本文主要包含三個部分，多共振腔系統、藍寶石X光共振腔及建置時間解析繞射系統，並對各部分理論基礎、實驗架構與實驗結果等，依序介紹。
在X光共振腔研究中，我們嘗試將多組共振腔集合成一多共振腔系統。而由兩組共振腔組合而成之三單晶板共振腔，我們成功量測到三單晶板共振腔之等效共振能譜，該能譜於背向繞射發生之區域間，僅包含單一共振鋒，且其鋒寬僅 0.79 meV。
由於藍寶石單晶擁有優於矽單晶之繞射特性，因此我們嘗試了藍寶石單晶X光共振腔之實驗。雖然藍寶石單晶內部的晶體缺陷以及共振腔外型的偏差造成藍寶石共振腔之共振效率下降，我們還是成功的量測到藍寶石共振腔的共振能譜，而所對應之 finesse 值約為 1.92。
而本文章亦對已建置完成之時間解析繞射實驗系統，包括儀器配置、時間控制流程等諸多細節進行介紹。除此之外，我們亦使用 GaAs(004)進行時間解析繞射實驗之測試，其結果顯示時間解析實驗系統可以確實運作。

This thesis aims to construct a time-resolved X-ray diffraction system with an improved optics, including multi-cavity systems and sapphire X-ray resonators. The fundamental theorems, experimental setups, and measurements are described by following the order of multi-cavity system, sapphire X-ray resonator, and time-resolved X-ray diffraction system.
The silicon multi-cavity systems consist of more than one hard X-ray Fabry-Parot resonators (FPRs). Backward diffraction (12 4 0) at 14.4388 keV is employed to reflect the incident X-ray beam in FPRs. In practice, a three-mirror FPR that combines two FPRs were realized, of which the measured effective resonance spectrum included only one isolated resonance peak in the energy range of the backward diffraction. The bandwidth of the isolated resonance peak was improved to 0.79 meV.
For sapphire crystal wafers, because of low crystal symmetry and shorter extinction length of the back reflection (0 0 0 30) at 14.3147 kev, sappire FRRs are superior to that made of silicon wafers. Experimantally, the cavity resonance experiments of sapphire FPRs have been carried out. Even though the defects in sapphire wafers and curved surfaces of crystal plates lowered the resonance efficiency, distinct resonance spectra of sapphire FPRs have been observed.
For the time-resolved X-ray diffraction system, the layout of the arranged instruments, the synchronization timing control processes between the synchrotron X-rays and pumping laser pulses are reported. The standard test experiments, the time-resolved X-ray diffraction of GaAs(004), were also successfully demonstrated.

導論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
理論基礎. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 適合多層結構系統之動力繞射計算. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 原子面與樣品表面偏移造成之相位偏移. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 多層結構系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4 多層遞迴演算法之限制. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.1 正面與背面入射之情形. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 多層結構中各層晶體之晶格常數不同. . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.3 各層晶格常數相異且倒晶格向量不平行於樣品表面法向量. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 多光繞射下之多層遞迴演算法. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.5 多層遞迴演算法於共振腔計算之應用. . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5 於應變場下之晶體繞射. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 應力場之分佈. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 應力場計算之實際範例. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 多共振腔系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
6.1 Fabry-Perot共振腔基本性質. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.2 X光Fabry-Perot共振腔. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3 X光Fabry-Perot共振腔之困難. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.4 縱向共振模挑選法之X光Fabry-Perot共振腔. . . . . . . . 27
7 時間解析動力繞射. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
實驗設施與環境條件. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1 光束線與基本設施. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2 高解析度單光儀. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3 時間解析繞射實驗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.1 泵浦探測技術: pump-probe method . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.2 時間解析X光繞射實驗架構概述. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.3 雷射系統. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4 雷射與同步輻射光源同步後之時間差調整. . . . . . . . . 54
3.5 偵測器與數據處理. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
實驗數據與分析. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
1 X光多重共振腔. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2 三氧化二鋁共振腔. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3 時間解析繞射實驗. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
結論. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
                                

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