研究生: |
王薏茹 Wang, Yi-Ju |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
美國健康宣稱規範對我國食品標示與廣告法制之借鏡 The Laws and Regulations of Health Claims in Food Labeling and Advertising - Lessons Learned from the United States of America |
指導教授: |
陳仲嶙
Chen, Chung-Lin |
口試委員: |
李崇僖
張兆恬 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
科技管理學院 - 科技法律研究所 Institute of Law for Science and Technology |
論文出版年: | 2019 |
畢業學年度: | 107 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 96 |
中文關鍵詞: | 健康宣稱 、保健功效 、健康食品 、食品 、膳食補充品 、違憲審查 、商業性言論 、言論自由 、食品標示 、食品廣告 |
外文關鍵詞: | health claim, health care effect, health food, food, dietary supplement, constitutional review, commercial speech, freedom of speech, food labeling, food advertising |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
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市面上形形色色的「健康食品」與「保健食品」,除了帶來的龐大商機,也代表著管制的需求與難題。我國建立了嚴謹的健康食品查驗登記制度,試圖劃分此類產品與一般食品的區別,並且對於兩者可宣稱的功效也有不同的規範。另一方面,美國在1990年後發展出一系列規範健康宣稱的法規,也出現了數個案件探討某些規範對基本權的限制。其對於健康宣稱的劃分和管制模式,以及在保障民眾健康與維護業者權利之間的平衡,皆值得我國參考。
本文首先介紹了我國管制健康宣稱之標示與廣告的重要法規與管制模式,並試著從基本權的角度探討目前規範可能潛在的合憲性議題。接著,本文整理美國管制宣稱的法規沿革與目前的規範框架,介紹數個討論規範合憲性的重要案件,以及學說上對於這些案件的司法審查和現行制度與的意見。在釐清並比較我國和美國的法規與管制方式差異後,本文認為,我國目前對於健康宣稱的管理制度,實際上有許多重疊與容易產生混淆的地方。除了法條設計導致的法規適用上的疑義,保健功效與一般食品可宣稱之功效也有劃分的困難。因此,本文建議可以朝向美國的管理制度,以功效訴求作為區分規範的基礎,並且針對不同類型的功效要求相對應的證據支持程度,以塑造更為清晰的管制架構。
Increasing market of various commercially available functional foods brings not only many business opportunities, but also regulatory conundrums. Taiwan has established a meticulous review and testing registration system for health food, regulating health claims that can be used on health food and general food individually. On the other hand, the United States of America has developed a series of statutes and regulations concerning health claims and several cases which analyze the constitutionality of restrictions under certain regulations. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the regulatory scheme of health claims in the U.S. as well as the balance between health protection and upholding the fundamental rights of food manufacturers and marketers in order to find out what Taiwan can learn from the U.S. experience.
This thesis first introduces Taiwan's regulatory framework and important statutes for health claims in food labeling and advertising, and attempt to explore potential constitutional issues that could be raised with regard to current statutes. It then provides an overview and discussion of the current regulatory scheme for claims in the U.S. and several important cases that discuss the constitutionality of regulations. After clarifying and comparing the differences between Taiwan and the United States, this thesis concludes that Taiwan's regulatory system for health claims is confusing and ineffective in achieving its legislative purpose. Finally, this thesis proposes that the current health claim regulatory system should be reformed through classifying the effects claimed through the products' labels and advertisements, and requiring scientific supporting evidence in accordance with the type of the claim, so as to create a more coherent regulatory framework.
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