Langmuir Blodgett 技術已廣泛被應用於分子層級薄膜製備之研發，然而對LB膜製備之量產化而言，現今仍受限於其成膜速度緩慢，且品質穩定性不確定，至今無法達到量產化之需求。本論文主要建立一套系統，以進行穩定快速LB 膜之製備。LB成膜種類、成膜速度、成膜轉移率或者成膜品質的好壞將與界面分子的排列情形、所選用的固體基材特性、次亞相(sub-phase)溶液之性質(pH 值、離子的添加)，基材與次亞相間接觸角度與次亞相中流場流動情形息息相關。因此、為求穩定快速LB膜之製備，需對其成膜前，成膜期間，與成膜後品質與特性做一詳盡的研究。
本論文主要選用兩種系統，進行穩定快速成膜之研究，一為兩性分子(amphiphilic molecule)花生酸(AA; arachidic acid); 二為導電高分子聚苯胺( PA; polyaniline)系統。選用兩性分子花生酸作其LB分子膜的沈積，此分子一端具親水基，另一端具疏水基，因此為研究LB成膜之首選。再者、考慮基材特性(親疏水性基材)對LB成膜的影響性，以影像觀測法去探討親疏水性基材進行成膜時，其液相中流場的行為與接觸角的變化，實驗發現此兩種不同性質的基材於液面下流場的行為有截然不同的表現。為求提升LB膜的成膜速度，在次亞相溶液中，分別添加三種不同價數的離子，分別以一價鉀離子、二價鋇與鎘離子以及三價鋁離子，進行花生酸 LB 膜的沈積，實驗發現當使用二價陽離子當作其次亞相(sub-phase)時，降低了花生酸LB膜之成膜壓力，且其成膜速度可提高至60 mm/min，成膜轉移率均在0.9，此項因素來自於二價離子與梭酸根離子形成皂化物(soap)所致。並且經由原子力顯微鏡 (AFM) 圖譜的量測與判斷，二價陽離子存在下之成膜品質，在3µm x 3µm掃瞄區域下其粗糙度約1.3 nm。
之後，鎖定具有導電性質的聚苯胺分子作其成膜速度與品質之研究。綜觀目前國內外研究學者針對聚苯胺導電分子LB膜的研究，分子膜之成膜速度皆在5mm/min之下，對量產化而言無疑是一大阻力，如何提升此分子成膜速度與品質將是一大挑戰。因此利用複合膜的概念，將原本平躺在氣液界面上之聚苯胺分子與站立型態的花生酸分子作一混和，以增進分子膜在界面上之穩定性進而增進成膜速度。藉由布魯斯特顯像儀(Brewster angle microscopy) 觀測分子於氣液界面上組成之情形，實驗觀測後發現在固定比例下以50% PA + 50% AA 做混合，可於氣液界面上得到一平整分子膜的結構，且此種比例的混和也提供較佳的凝聚力(cohesion)。使用親水基材進行成膜實驗，發現其成膜速度可至30mm/min，成膜轉移率趨近於1，固體基材上之成膜品質以原子力顯微鏡做判別，在3µm x 3µm掃瞄區域下其粗糙度約2.6 nm。其歸功於花生酸分子幫助了聚苯胺分子使其在阻隔棒壓縮的過程中，氣液界面膜排列的更加緊密與穩定所致。

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition technique has received wide attention owing to its potential applications for monolayer or ultra-thin film production. Until now, LB technique remains only a laboratory tool with very limited industrial applications due to its slow deposition speed and lack of reliability. The aim of the present study is to experimentally investigate the stable and higher deposition speed for LB film deposition. There are some factors to affect the LB film deposition which include arrangement of interface molecules, dynamic contact angles, fluid motion and characteristic of substrate and sub-phase. Therefore, in this paper has developed a systematic methodology involving several experimental steps and measurements before, during and after the LB film deposition process, to ensure the production of the LB film deposition.
First, we are concerned with the LB film deposition of arachidic acid, particularly the maximum withdrawal speed with acceptable transfer ratio. A Langmuir minitrough that provides the surface pressure vs molecular area (□-A) curve and a flow visualization technique were served as tools to investigate the maximum withdrawal speed with negligible water entrainment. The effect of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates and the addition of four different ions, eg, K+,Ba2+,Cd2+ and Al3+, on the withdrawal speed were examined. It was found that the “transition point” from liquid state to solid state on the □-A curve can serve as a clear indicator on the maximum withdrawal speed, i.e., the lower the transition point, the higher the maximum withdrawal speed. Owing to the “soap effect” of the divalent ions Ba2+ or Cd2+, stable fluid motion for successful LB film deposition can be increased to 60mm/min. The quality of LB deposited film was examined with atomic force microscopy (AFM).
An experimental study was also carried out to examine the stable LB film deposition of mixtures of Polyaniline (PA) and Arachidic acid (AA) at different concentration ratios. Images of the PA/AA composite materials at air-liquid interface, based on the Brewster angle microscopy, revealed that a 50/50 concentration ratio of PA/AA composite layer produced the best LB film structure. The feasibility of LB film deposition was determined from dynamic contact angles which were measured by a flow visualization technique. The quality of the deposited film was also judged by the transfer ratio and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. The effect of pH was also examined, and it was found that the LB film deposition for the PA/AA system could only be carried out in a narrow range of pH. It was found that the deposited LB film of the PA/AA system had a high transfer ratio and improved surface roughness at the deposition speed 30mm/min.

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