創傷弧菌YJ016中調控環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸相關的 vva0325-36基因群功能分析

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研究生：	周莉芳 Chou, Li-Fang
論文名稱：	創傷弧菌YJ016中調控環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸相關的 vva0325-36基因群功能分析 Characterization of the vva0325-36 Gene Cluster Associated with Cyclic-di-GMP Regulation in Vibrio vulnificus YJ016
指導教授：	張晃猷 Chang, Hwan-You
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	生命科學暨醫學院 - 分子醫學研究所 Institute of Molecular Medicine
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	87
中文關鍵詞：	創傷弧菌、多重覆片段毒素、環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸
外文關鍵詞：	Vibrio vulnificus, RTX, Cyclic di-GMP
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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利用生物資訊學分析推測，創傷弧菌YJ016第二號染色體上編號vva0325到vva0336的基因群，很可能參與調控分子環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸的代謝。此基因群可轉譯一多重覆片段毒素，一套第一型的分泌系統，以及一包含感應激酶、反應調控蛋白、兩個分別具有GGDEF和EAL功能區域蛋白質的調控系統。已知含有GGDEF功能區域的VVA0326蛋白質及含有EAL功能區域的VVA0328蛋白質，分別具有雙鳥苷酸環化酶及磷酸雙酯鍵分解酶的活性，且調控創傷弧菌體內的環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸之濃度。本研究第一部份首先探討vva0331基因所轉譯一個分子量489 kDa的巨大蛋白質在細菌內的表現位置及生物功能。結果顯示VVA0331蛋白質主要以分泌型式存在，而其產量會受到鐵離子的調控。另外，觀察細菌黏附能力、細胞毒殺分析及老鼠毒力實驗發現創傷弧菌菌株YJ016及VVA0331突變株並無差異。第二部份的研究是分析vva0326~9所轉譯與調控環狀環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸相關的基因產物特性。我們發現剔除vva0326基因的GGDEF區域，會使創傷弧菌的泳動力增加，而減少生物膜的形成及對HEp-2細胞株有較高的毒性能力。然而，剔除vva0328基因的EAL區域之突變菌株，與創傷弧菌菌株YJ016並無明顯差異。另外，分析rtxA、vvhA、vva0331轉錄量及RtxA蛋白質的表現程度顯示這些毒力因子可能受此環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸系統的調控。最後也發現此兩種蛋白質在創傷弧菌菌株YJ016中會有極化分佈的表現。綜合本研究的結果，此環狀雙鳥嘌呤單磷酸系統的調控機制會影響此細菌毒力，相信研究此調控機制將有助於瞭解創傷弧菌的生理與致病機制。

Bioinformatic analyses reveal a gene cluster (vva0325-vva0336) on the small chromosome of Vibrio vulnificus YJ016 might regulate cyclic-di-GMP levels. The gene cluster encodes a large RTX-like protein (VVA0331), a type I protein secretion system (VVA0332-0336), and a signaling system composing of a sensor kinase (VVA0329), two response regulators with a GGDEF-(VVA0326) and an EAL-domain (VVA0328), respectively. It is hypothesized that they may play roles in pathogenesis through modulating cyclic-di-GMP levels. Previous studies have shown that VVA0326 and VVA0328 possess diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activity, respectively, in vitro, and regulate intracellular c-di-GMP in V. vulnificus. The first study was to elucidate the subcellular location and functional roles of VVA0331. Results showed VVA0331 existed primarily in a secreted form and regulated by iron. The capabilities of vva0331 mutant strains in adherence and cytotoxicity on cells and virulence in mice were examined in comparison with wild type strain, indicating no difference. The second study was to investigate biological properties of VVA0326 and VVA0328. Deletion in the GGDEF domain of VVA0326 conferred the bacterium a slightly higher swimming motility, less biofilm formation and higher cytotoxicity activity to HEp-2 cells. However, there was no obvious difference between in-frame EAL deletion mutant and the wild type strains. Comparison of the levels of rtxA, vvhA, vva0331 transcripts and RtxA protein in wild type and vva0326 mutant strains indicates that these virulence-associated factors might be regulated by the cyclic-di-GMP signaling system. Furthermore, localization analysis had demonstrated that VVA0326 and VVA0328 were localized at V. vulnificus YJ016 poles by constructing GFP fusion proteins. Taken together, the gene cluster regulated by cyclic-di-GMP may have effects on bacterial virulence in V. vulnificus YJ016. We believe that the findings would be important for understanding the V. vulnificus physiology and pathogenesis mechanism.

Abstract (Chinese)-----    I
Abstract (English)-----    II
Acknowledgement--------    IV
Table of Contents------    V
Abbreviations----------    VIII

Chapter 1 Background and Significance----------    01
1.1. Figures-----------------------------------    08
Fig. 1.1 Gene organization of the vva0325-vva0336 gene cluster in V. vulnificus YJ016.----------------    08

Chapter 2 Localization and characterization of VVA0331, a 489-kDa RTX-like protein,in Vibrio vulnificus YJ016----    09
2.1. Abstract------------------------------------------    10
2.2. Introduction--------------------------------------    11
2.3. Materials and Methods-----------------------------    13
2.3.1. Bacterial strains and growth conditions---------    13
2.3.2. Database and bioinformatic analysis-------------    13
2.3.3. RNA purification and Q-PCR----------------------    13
2.3.4. Generation of vva0331 knockout mutants----------    14
2.3.5. Heterologous expression of truncated VVA0331 proteins and preparation of their specific antibodies--    15
2.3.6. Subcellular localization of VVA0331 in V. vulnificus YJ016--------------------------------------------------    15
2.3.7. Slide agglutination test------------------------     17
2.3.8. Immunofluorescence staining---------------------     17
2.3.9. Cell adherence and cytotoxicity assays----------     18
2.3.10.Mouse virulence assay---------------------------     19
2.3.11.Atomic force microscopy imaging of V. vulnificus YJ016--------------------------------------------------     19
2.4. Results------------------------------------------      21
2.4.1. Organization of vva0325-33 and functional domains in VVA0331------------------------------------------------     21
2.4.2. Expression of vva0331 in different growth conditions---------------------------------------------     21
2.4.3. Localization of the 489-kDa RTX-like protein, VVA0331, in V. vulnificus YJ016------------------------     22
2.4.4. Agglutination of V. vulnificus YJ016 by anti-VRTXL-C40 serum-----------------------------------     23
2.4.5. The C-terminal portion of VVA0331 is located on the outer membrane-----------------------------------------     24
2.4.6. Effect of vva0331 deletions on cell adherence, cytotoxicity and mouse lethality of V. vulnificus-----      24
2.4.7. The colony variant of V. vulnificus YJ016------     25
2.4.8. Effect of vva0331 deletions on bacterial surface properties of V. vulnificus YJ016----------------------     26
2.5. Discussion----------------------------------------     27
2.6. Tables--------------------------------------------     31
Table 2.1 Strains and plasmids used in this study------     31
2.7. Figures-------------------------------------------     32
Fig. 2.1 Schematic representation of VVA0331 motif organization.------------------------------------------     32
Fig. 2.2 Expression of vva0331.------------------------     33
Fig. 2.3 Detection of VVA0331 by Western blot analysis.----------------------------------------------     34
Fig. 2.4 Detection of VVA0331 by using anti-VRTXL-N120 and anti-VRTXL-C40.----------------------------------------     35
Fig. 2.5 Localization of VVA0331 in different cellular fractions----------------------------------------------     36
Fig. 2.6 Determination of the purity of different cellular fractions----------------------------------------------     37
Fig. 2.7 Agglutination of V. vulnificus with mouse antisera specific to different VVA0331 regions.-----------------     38
Fig. 2.8 Outer membrane protein profiles of V. vulnificus YJ016 and vva0331 deletion mutants.--------------------     39
Fig. 2.9 Colony variants of V. vulnificus YJ016.-------     40
Fig. 2.10 AFM tapping-mode images of V. vulnificus YJ016 and EY331 strains on silicide plate.-------------------     42
Fig. 2.11 Comparison of repeat regions in VVA0331 and V. vulnificus RtxA ( a MARTX toxin, GenBank Accession Number NP_937086.1)-------------------------------------------     43

Chapter 3 Involvement of VVA0326 and VVA0328 in cyclic-di-GMP regulation in Vibrio vulnificus YJ016-----------     44
3.1. Abstract------------------------------------------     45
3.2. Introduction--------------------------------------     47
3.3. Materials and Methods-----------------------------     50
3.3.1. Bacterial strains, plasmids, and growth conditions---------------------------------------------     50
3.3.2. DNA preparation and manipulation----------------     50
3.3.3. Swimming motility and biofilm formation analysis-----------------------------------------------     51
3.3.4. Cytotoxicity and virulence assay    --------------- 52
3.3.5. RNA purification and Q-PCR----------------------     53
3.3.6. Western blotting--------------------------------     53
3.3.7. Localization of GFP fusion proteins by immunofluorescence microscopy--------------------------     54
3.4. Results-------------------------------------------     55
3.4.1. Bioinformatics analysis of the VieSAB-like three-component sytem in V. vulnificus-----------------------    55
3.4.2. Effects of swimming motility and biofilm formation in mutant and complementary strains--------------------     56
3.4.3. Effect of cytotoxicity activity and virulence in vva0328 and vva0326 mutant and complementary strains---     57
3.4.4. Q-PCR analysis of gene expression---------------     58
3.4.5. Western blot analysis of RtxA-------------------     58
3.4.6. Localization of VVA0326 and VVA0328 to the pole in V. vulnificus------------------------------------------     59
3.5. Discussion----------------------------------------     60
3.6. Tables--------------------------------------------     64
Table 3.1 Strains and plasmids used in this study------     64
Table 3.2 Oligonucleotide primers used in this study---     65
Table 3.3 Cytotoxicity of V. vulnificus strains on HEp-2 cells--------------------------------------------------     66
Table 3.4 Virulence of V. vulnificus strains in the iron-overloaded mouse model----------------------------     67
3.7. Figures-------------------------------------------     68
Fig. 3.1 (a) Comparative analysis of the gene organization of VcVieSAB, VpVieSA, VvVieSA1 and 2. (b) Schematic representation of the domain structures of VVA0326 and VVA0328 in V. vulnificus YJ016.------------------------     68
Fig. 3.2 Swimming behavior of V. vulnificus strains.---     70
Fig. 3.3 Biofilm formation of V. vulnificus YJ016 and its derivatives.-------------------------------------------     71
Fig. 3.4 Q-PCR analysis of virulence-associated genes expression in V. vulnificus YJ016 and its derivatives.-     72
Fig. 3.5 RtxA expression in V. vulnificus YJ016, YJ26 and YJ28 strains.------------------------------------------     73
Fig. 3.6 Localization of VVA0326-GFP and VVA0328-GFP fusion proteins in V. vulnificus strains.---------------------     74

Chapter 4 Conclusion and Perspective-------------------     75
4.1. Figures-------------------------------------------     78
Fig. 4.1 A proposed model of the cyclic-di-GMP modulating system in V. vulnificus.-------------------------------     78
Fig. 4.2 Swimming motility (a) and biofilm formation (b) of V. vulnificus YJ016.-----------------------------------     79
Fig. 4.3 Q-PCR analysis of virulence-associated genes expression in V. vulnificus strains and vva0329 mutant strains.-----------------------------------------------     80

References---------------------------------------------    81

                                

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